ch 26 viki study gold - urinary system

The urinary system does all of the following except:

A. eliminating organic waste products.
B. regulating plasma concentrations of electrolytes.
C. excreting excess albumin molecules.
D. regulating blood volume.
E. contributing to stabilizing blood pH.

C. excreting excess albumin molecules.

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

hilum.

The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the

juxtaglomerular complex.

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney

Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the structure labeled "3."

renal pyramid

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?

A. creatinine

B. hydrogen ions

C. large proteins

D. urea

E. amino acids

C. large proteins

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney

Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the structure labeled "4."

minor calyx

Renal blood flow is about ___ liter/min

1 liter/min.

Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane.

albumin

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney

Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the structure labeled "8."

ureter

Figure 26-2 The Nephron

Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:

What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "1"?

filtration

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the

loop of Henle and the collecting duct.

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?

99

Figure 26-2 The Nephron

Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:

Where does countercurrent multiplication occur?

4

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

Figure 26-2 The Nephron

Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:

Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?

3

Filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule normally contains

urea.

hydrogen ions.

nutrients.

water.

Figure 26-2 The Nephron

Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:

Which area is sensitive to the hormone ADH?

5 and 6

Which of the following substances are not normally found in the filtrate?

A. protein

B. chloride ions

C. urea

D. potassium ions

E. water

A. protein

Figure 26-2 The Nephron

Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:

Where would penicillin be secreted?

5

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include

creatinine.

hydrogen ions.

penicillin.

potassium ions.

Figure 26-2 The Nephron

Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:

Where does secretion mostly occur?

5

If a urine sample is distinctly yellow in color, which of the following will be true?

A. Its pH is below normal.

B. It will contain excess chloride ion.

C. It will contain large amounts of urobilin.

D. It will have the odor of ammonia.

E. It will have a low pH.

C. It will contain large amounts of urobilin.

Figure 26-2 The Nephron

Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:

Where does osmosis of water in the countercurrent multiplier process occur?

4

Antidiuretic hormone function

increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to

absence of ADH.

The mechanism for producing a concentrated urine involves

A. aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells.

B. the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the neurohypophysis.

C. a high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts.

D. an increase in facultative water reabsorption.

E. All the answers are correct

 

E. All the answers are correct

Why might a person take diuretics?

to reduce water retention

to reduce blood pressure

to reduce body weight

to treat congestive heart failure

The ________ is a capillary bed that parallels the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

vasa recta

Which of the following activities is not related to kidney function?

A. control of hydrogen ion and pH in the blood

B. lipid digestion

C. regulation of blood pressure

D. maintenance of various blood ion concentrations

E. control of wastes in the blood

B. lipid digestion

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following except

A. reduce blood flow to kidneys.

B. increase the glomerular filtration rate.

C. trigger renin release.

D. produce renal ischemia.

E. produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles.

B. increase the glomerular filtration rate.

Eighty percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

cortex

Urine is temporarily stored in the

urinary bladder.

The process of filtration is driven mainly by

blood hydrostatic pressure.

The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of

capillaries.

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

renal failure.

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the KidneyUse Figure

26-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the structure labeled "9."

renal papilla

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney

Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the structure labeled "11."

renal pelvis

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. In what order does blood pass through these vessels?

1. afferent arteriole

2. arcuate artery

3. interlobar artery

4. renal artery

5. glomerulus

6. cortical radiate artery

7. efferent arteriole

8. peritubular capillary

4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8

The process of filtration occurs at the

glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?

A. final urine enters here.

B. It is the tip of the medullary pyramid.

C. It releases renin.

D. initial filtrate enters here.

E. It creates high interstitial NaCl concentration.

B. It is the tip of the medullary pyramid.

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

peritubular

The filtration of plasma takes place in the

renal corpuscle.

Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule.

________ is an inherited abnormality that affects the development and structure of kidney tubules.

Polycystic kidney disease

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

renal pelvis.

Major calyces are

large branches of the renal pelvis.

In the renal corpuscle, the glomerular epithelium is a layer of specialized cells called

podocytes.

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

papillary duct

The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney.

superior

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

renal pelvis.

The renal sinus is

an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule.

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?

collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Urine is eliminated through the

Urethra