science chapter 2 lesson 1/2/3

nucleus

Contains the cell’s DNA & is the control center of the cell

lysosmes

Digests wastes, worn out cell parts, and foreign invaders; trash can of the cell

a ribosomes

Site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins; the factory

cell membrane

Controls the movement of nutrients into the cell  and waste products out of the cell

cell walls

Supports and protects the cell while still letting materials pass through it; only in plant cells

vacuole

Store water, nutrients and even waste.

cloroplast

Converts the sun’s energy  into high – energy sugars through the process of photosynthesis.

mitochondria

 Uses cellular respiration to convert food energy into a chemical energy called ATP that can be used by the cell.

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

System of tubes through the cytoplasm that allow proteins & other materials to pass from one place to another.

cytoplasm

 Fluid-like material inside the cell that contains all of the cell’s organelles

golgi apparatus

ite where proteins are further processed for shipment out of the cell.

true

The microscope led to the discovery of cells. 

true

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. 

false

 Animal and plant cells have the same structures and look identical.

 

true

Cell theory has 3 core ideas. 

channel proteins

receptor protiens

recognition proteins

what sits on the surface.

peripheral proteins

what goes through the membrane;

integral proteins

what transport moves molecules without energy.

passive transport

what transport uses energy to move molecules

Active transport

 Tell me one structure that a plant cell that an animal cell does not have

cell wall

explain why a plant cell needs this structure but an animal cell does not. 

(Cell wall)

they provide support and protection while animals don’t need this because they can move and get support from their bones

what is the movement of other molecules other than water from high to low concentration

Diffusion

What is the diffusion of water across a membrane

Osmosis

What are the three core ideas of cell theory? 

1. All living things are made of cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

The invention of this scientific instrument led to the discovery of cells: 

Microscope

The cell theory states that all cells come from where?

Preexisting cells

Describe the role of a Lysosome

Digests waste and worn out cell parts

Explain the primary difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell: 

Prokaryotic cells are simpler While eukaryotic cells is more complex

True or False: The cell membrane is also referred to as the Fluid Mosaic Model

True

What is the primary molecule that makes up the cell membrane

Phospholipids 

Looking at the image of the phospholipid, which part is polar (hydrophilic) and which part is nonpolar (hydrophobic

The head (purple circle) is polar and the tails (black lines) are nonpolar

Where is channel protein

J

Where is carbohydrate chain

A

Where is recognition protein

B

Where is hydrophobic tail

E

Where is hydrophilic head

D

Cholesterol

I

True or False: The cell membrane allows all substances to pass through it, regardless of size and polarity

False

This process moves molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and does not require energy

Passive transport

Define facilitated diffusion

is molecules other than water of other higher to low concentration

Why might some molecules need a channel protein to get into the cell even if they are moving with a concentration gradient?

Some molecules are too big or have a charge

What are the major differences between passive transport and active transport? 

Passive transport does not use energy while transport

While active uses energy to transport

Define Osmosis 

Osmosis is the movement of water from high to low concentration

Fill in the blank:
Water moves from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ________ concentration

High and low

What specific evidence in the celery lab supported the claim that water moved into the celery stalk? 

The water was red and it was visible in part of the celery that wasn’t exposed to water

Integral proteins

Proteins that inside the membrane and go from one side to the other

Peripheral proteins

Protein’s that stay on one side of the cell membrane