Biomolecules Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover the key terms and concepts from the lecture on biomolecules, including definitions and examples.

Biomolecules

Molecules produced by living organisms that perform a wide variety of functions.

Carbohydrates

Most common organic molecule, serving as a primary energy source, and are chemically defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.

Lipids

Organic substances that are insoluble in water, used for energy storage, insulation, and make up cell membranes.

Proteins

Biomolecules that transport molecules, control chemical reactions, and are essential for growth and repair.

Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules that provide genetic information and hold instructions for protein synthesis.

Monosaccharide

Single sugar molecule, the simplest form of carbohydrates (e.g., glucose, fructose).

Disaccharide

Carbohydrate formed from two monosaccharides (e.g., maltose, sucrose).

Polysaccharide

Carbohydrates made up of three or more monosaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose).

Hydrophobic

Substances that do not dissolve in water, often characteristic of lipids.

Peptide bond

The bond formed between amino acids, linking them together to form proteins.