Ch.10 Flashcards-Honey Ortiz

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to biotechnology and DNA technology as outlined in the lecture notes.

Biotechnology

The use of artificial methods to modify the genetic material of living organisms or cells to produce novel compounds or perform new functions.

Gel electrophoresis

A technique used to separate charged molecules based on size and charge; can separate DNA, RNA, or proteins.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A technique used to mass-produce copies of DNA fragments, requiring primers and a small sample of DNA.

Genetic Engineering

Changing the genetic information in a cell by isolating, cutting, and moving specific traits between organisms.

Cloning

The creation of an exact replica; producing a new organism from cells or tissues of an existing organism.

Transgenic organisms

Organisms that have genes from another species inserted into their genome.

GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)

An organism whose genome has been altered by the transfer of a gene or genes from another species.

Gene therapy

An experimental technique that inserts a non-mutated gene at a random location in the genome to cure or prevent genetic diseases.

Whole genome sequencing

The process that determines the DNA sequence of an entire genome.

Bioremediation

The process of adding nutrients to stimulate the growth of bacteria to clean up environmental pollutants, such as oil spills.