8.3 - areas, migration deurbanisation

urban area

build up area with

• high population density

• buildings

• infrastructure

city

• large

• densely populated

• extensive infrastructure

• serve as cultural and economic hubs

• regional and global influence

town

• smaller

• dense population

• infrastructure

• local centres for trade, education and social interaction

suburbs

• residential areas on the outskirts 

• lower population density

urbanisation

population shifts from rural to urban area

rural areas features

• low population density

• sparse infrastructure

• limited access to services

• predominately agricultural

• lower pollution levels

push factors of rural→ urban migration

• lack of employment and lower wages

• food scarcity

• lack of basic services

• lack of resilience

pull factors of rural→ urban migration

• employment and higher ages

• food abundance

• abundant services

• resilience

voluntary migration

driven by the desire to improve

• living standards

• access to services

• employment

forced migration

due to

• conflict

• disasters

• government policies

deurbanisation

people moving back into rural regions from urban and suburban areas

factors affecting deurbanisation

• desire for better quality of life

• remote work opportunities

• overcrowding and high costs

• urban-rural balance