Anatomy- Appendicular Skeleton

appendicular skeleton

bones of upper and lower limbs

7 parts of upper limb and their associated bones

shoulder (scapula), arm (humerus), forearm(radius and ulna), wrist(carpal bones), hand(metacarpal bones), finger (digits)

scapula body (thin curved blade portions)

glenoid fossa of scapula (out of screen on lateral view)

-lateral depression, articulates with humerus

spine of scapula; large posterior ridge

acromion process; lateral posterior projection, extension of spine

coracoid process; lateral anterior projection

clavicle

acromial end of clavicle (lateral); articulates with acromion process

sternal end of clavicle (medial); articulates with sternum

shoulder girdle (scapula and clavicle), supports arm and allows for shoulder movement

humerus head, rounded, proximal and medial

humerus neck; narrow portion inferior to head

greater tubercle of humerus; superior, lateral projection for rotator cuff muscle attachment

lateral epicondyle of humerus

medial epicondyle of humerus

capitulum of humerus; lateral, round, articulates with radius

trochlea of humerus; medial, grooved, articulates with ulna

the radius is ____ and lines up with the ____

lateral, thumb

the ulna is ____ and lines up with the _____

medial, pinky

olecranon process of ulna; posterior projection, bump of the elbow

name the yellow portion

trochlear notch of the ulna; anterior groove, articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

name the blue portion

radial notch of the ulna; articulates with the head of the radius

styloid process of the ulna; small projection at distal head of the ulna

radial head; has rounded proximal end with superior circular impression that articulates with capitulum of humerus

styloid process of radius; distal projection, can palpate at distal wrist

how many bones are in the wrist

8

name for wrist bone

metacarpals

scaphoid of wrist; part of wrist joint at radius

lunate; part of wrist joint at ulna

trapezium; opposition of thumb

how many metacarpals within the hand

5

how many digits

5

Digits II-V

proximal, intermediate, and distal phalanx

alternate name for digit 1 of hand

pollux

Digit I phalanx

distal and proximal only

7 parts of lower limbs and their bones

hip (os coxa), thigh (femur), knee (patella), leg (tibia and fibula), ankle (tarsal bones), foot (metatarsals), and toes (phalanges)

pelvic girdle; consists of 2 os coxae, joined anteriorly at pubis symphysis, and joined posteriorly with sacrum

os coxa, 2 per pelvic girdle

sacrum, posteriorly joined to os coxa

pubic symphysis; joined anteriorly with each os coxa

what 3 bones make up the os coxa

ilium, ischium, and pubis/pubic bone

ilium, large blade-like concave superior portion

name the red portion of this image

pubis/ pubic bone; angled interior portion

name the yellow portion of this image

ischium; round, rugged posterior portion

iliac crest; curved superior edge of ilium

acetabulum; round lateral depression, articulation with head of femur

obturator foramen; circular opening

ischial tuberosity; rough posterior surface, hamstring muscle attachment

greater sciatic notch; passage for sciatic nerve

male vs female pelvis

typical female has a wider pelvis and larger subpubic angle (male, 90 and female, 100

proximal end of femur articulates with

os coxa, hip bone

distal end of femur articulates with

tibia

greater trochanter of femur; large lateral projection for muscle attachment

head of femur; proximal end, faces medially; articulates with acetabulum of os coxa

neck of femur

lateral epicondyle of the femur

medial epicondyle of femur

medial condyle of femur; bigger, more rounded

lateral condyle of femur

spiral fracture

result of twisting force, makes an S shaped fracture

patella

the patella is a _______ bone

sesamoid: fully embedded in tendon

anterior vs posterior patella

anterior-smooth

posterior- has articular facets

the tibia is ______

medial

the fibula is ______

lateral

tibial condyles

articular facets on tibial condyles; superior surface

medial and lateral malleolus

process on sides of ankles, protect hinge joint

lateral malleolus, on the fibula

medial malleolus, on the tibia

name for foot bones

metatarsals

name for big toe

hallux

toes II-V

proximal, intermediate, and distal phalanx

toe 1

only distal and proximal phalanx

how many metatarsals and digits

5 each

calcaneus, the heel

talus, forms ankle joint, on top of calcaneus

two arches in the foot

transverse (left to right) and longitudinal arch (front to back)