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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from poultry domestication, industry, and species terms.
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Poultry
Any bird with economic value raised for consumption or sport.
Evolution
A change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation, including adaptation to environments.
Domestication
The process by which animals and poultry are able to live and reproduce in captivity.
Sexual dimorphism
A difference in appearance between males and females.
Keratin
Protein that makes up beaks and nails; the same protein found in human nails.
Red Junglefowl
Primary ancestor of the modern chicken; originated in Southeast Asia.
Southeast Asia
Region where the Red Junglefowl originated.
2000 B.C. documentation
Evidence of chickens in China and India as early as 2000 B.C.
Cockfighting/religious ceremonies/food
Activities that contributed to the spread of chickens across Asia.
First American Chickens
Chickens brought to America by colonists; larger, hardier; initially dual-purpose.
Dual purpose
Chickens used for both eggs and meat before separate breeding for each purpose.
Dry mash
Crumbled feed fed to egg layers, high in calcium and phosphorus.
Pellet feeding systems
Compressed feed pellets used for meat birds.
Electricity (in poultry industry)
Power enabling modern farming operations and modernization.
Refrigerated cars
Railway cars that could transport perishable poultry safely.
Vitamins
Nutritional supplements used to improve poultry health and growth.
Sulfa drugs
Antibiotic-like drugs historically used in poultry (not used now in the same way).
Artificial incubation
Hatching eggs using controlled conditions outside the hen.
Artificial light
Light exposure used to stimulate breeding and egg production, especially near spring.
USPS shipment of chicks
Postal service method enabling widespread distribution of day-old chicks.
Assembly lines (WWII)
Industrialized poultry production processes during and around WWII.
Requirements for a thriving poultry industry
Land, water, food, labor, transportation, market, electricity, shelter/protection.
Vertical Integration
A company owns or controls multiple steps in the production chain (breeder, eggs, hatchery, and grow-out).
Horizontal Integration
Expansion by acquiring or merging with others at the same production stage to increase market share.
Specialty Products
Companies sell specialized products but are not involved in initial production; buy in large volumes for consistency and pricing.
Gallus gallus
Scientific name for domestic chickens; not GMOs; selective breeding is the historical method of genetic change.
Broiler
Chickens raised for meat; typically mature in 6–9 weeks; males often outgrow females first.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Minerals required for eggshell formation and egg production.
Lores
The beak area that reaches to the eye.
Goose
True geese; a waterfowl with distinctive anatomy including lores.
Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo; domesticated and wild turkeys with features used in courtship.
Snood
Fleshy protuberance over the turkey beak; size and prominence relate to gender and mating displays.
Duck
Anseriform birds; male ducks (drakes) are typically more colorful to attract females; females are more subdued for camouflage.
Hen
Female chicken.
Rooster
Male chicken.
Chick
Young chicken.
Tom
Male turkey.
Poult
Young turkey.
Drake
Male duck.
Duckling
Young duck.
Gander
Male goose.
Gosling
Young goose.
Pen
Female swan.
Cob
Male swan.
Cygnet
Young swan.
Jenny
Female guinea fowl.
Jack
Male guinea fowl.
Keet
Young guinea fowl.
Peahen
Female peafowl.
Peacock
Male peafowl.
Peachick
Young peafowl.