Poultry: Domestication, Industry, and Species (Video Notes)

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from poultry domestication, industry, and species terms.

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51 Terms

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Poultry

Any bird with economic value raised for consumption or sport.

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Evolution

A change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation, including adaptation to environments.

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Domestication

The process by which animals and poultry are able to live and reproduce in captivity.

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Sexual dimorphism

A difference in appearance between males and females.

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Keratin

Protein that makes up beaks and nails; the same protein found in human nails.

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Red Junglefowl

Primary ancestor of the modern chicken; originated in Southeast Asia.

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Southeast Asia

Region where the Red Junglefowl originated.

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2000 B.C. documentation

Evidence of chickens in China and India as early as 2000 B.C.

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Cockfighting/religious ceremonies/food

Activities that contributed to the spread of chickens across Asia.

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First American Chickens

Chickens brought to America by colonists; larger, hardier; initially dual-purpose.

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Dual purpose

Chickens used for both eggs and meat before separate breeding for each purpose.

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Dry mash

Crumbled feed fed to egg layers, high in calcium and phosphorus.

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Pellet feeding systems

Compressed feed pellets used for meat birds.

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Electricity (in poultry industry)

Power enabling modern farming operations and modernization.

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Refrigerated cars

Railway cars that could transport perishable poultry safely.

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Vitamins

Nutritional supplements used to improve poultry health and growth.

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Sulfa drugs

Antibiotic-like drugs historically used in poultry (not used now in the same way).

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Artificial incubation

Hatching eggs using controlled conditions outside the hen.

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Artificial light

Light exposure used to stimulate breeding and egg production, especially near spring.

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USPS shipment of chicks

Postal service method enabling widespread distribution of day-old chicks.

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Assembly lines (WWII)

Industrialized poultry production processes during and around WWII.

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Requirements for a thriving poultry industry

Land, water, food, labor, transportation, market, electricity, shelter/protection.

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Vertical Integration

A company owns or controls multiple steps in the production chain (breeder, eggs, hatchery, and grow-out).

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Horizontal Integration

Expansion by acquiring or merging with others at the same production stage to increase market share.

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Specialty Products

Companies sell specialized products but are not involved in initial production; buy in large volumes for consistency and pricing.

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Gallus gallus

Scientific name for domestic chickens; not GMOs; selective breeding is the historical method of genetic change.

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Broiler

Chickens raised for meat; typically mature in 6–9 weeks; males often outgrow females first.

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Calcium and Phosphorus

Minerals required for eggshell formation and egg production.

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Lores

The beak area that reaches to the eye.

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Goose

True geese; a waterfowl with distinctive anatomy including lores.

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Turkey

Meleagris gallopavo; domesticated and wild turkeys with features used in courtship.

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Snood

Fleshy protuberance over the turkey beak; size and prominence relate to gender and mating displays.

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Duck

Anseriform birds; male ducks (drakes) are typically more colorful to attract females; females are more subdued for camouflage.

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Hen

Female chicken.

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Rooster

Male chicken.

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Chick

Young chicken.

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Tom

Male turkey.

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Poult

Young turkey.

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Drake

Male duck.

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Duckling

Young duck.

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Gander

Male goose.

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Gosling

Young goose.

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Pen

Female swan.

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Cob

Male swan.

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Cygnet

Young swan.

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Jenny

Female guinea fowl.

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Jack

Male guinea fowl.

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Keet

Young guinea fowl.

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Peahen

Female peafowl.

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Peacock

Male peafowl.

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Peachick

Young peafowl.