American realties quiz 2 (Andrew Carnegie, Russian jews, women suffrage)

what does wood symbolize in early America?

the self-sufficiency family and the simple close relationship to nature

ingredients of the "new america"

iron and steel

Carnegie Steel Company

Andrew Carnegie's steel company, produced almost as much steel as the whole of the British isles. sold in 1901

Where did Andrew Carnegie grow up

Dunfermline, scotland

when was Andrew Carnegie born

november 25 1835

what drove Carnegie's family to move to America?

protesters burns the weaving mill his father worked at, leaving them out of work

what city's history became intertwined with Andrew Carnegie

Pittsburgh (smoky city), city became huge location for iron and coal, fastest growing cities in US

what were Andrew carnage's first jobs?

worked in factory, bobbin factory (stoking a boiler) then worked in telegraph company

what was so special about Carnegie's telegraphing skills

he could receive by ear, while others had to write down he code letter by letter and translate it

Who was Thomas Scott?

superintendent of Pennsylvania Railroad's western division, was impressed by Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie became his secretary and personal telegrapher

what dies "rail road fashion" mean

railroads improved peoples punctuality, people thought faster, farmers set their clocks around them. efficient and punctual

What year did Carnegie become super indent of western division rail road?

1859

what new innovations did Carnegie think of for railroads?

1.clearing lines after wrecks by burning the ruined cars
2. regularizing traffic flow by moving company goods only when customer traffic was light

what stock greatly boosted Carnegie's income in 1863?

first sleeping car company in US

What did Carnegie organize in 1865 and what did they build (2)

Keystone Bridge Company, built crossing of Mississippi at St. Louis. and another of the Missouri at Omaha

Who was Henry Bessemer?

Englishman who invented blast furnace that produced best qualities of both kinds of irons

Difference between Wrought iron and Cast iron

wrought iron- lower carbon content more malleable
cast iron- high carbon content, more firm

j. edgar thompson steel works

complete in 1875, largest and best steel plant in American, Carnegie took advantage of transportation facilities on railroads that were left there from French and Indian war.

who was Captain William r jones

-civil war vet and steel master.
-became plant supervisor
-steelmaster

How did William R jones die

inspecting a block in the flow of molten iron in a furnace, furnace exploded

What two businesses would be combined to the Carnegie steel company (horizontal integration)

Homestead works 1889 and
Allegheny Bessener Steel company (1890)

who was Henry Clay Frick

-owned 80% of coke production
-became general manager of Carnegie's steel interests and Carnegie controlled Frick's coal.

By 1900 Carnegie accounted for _____ of the nation's steel output

one fourth

what major monuments used Carnegie's steel (2)

1.Brooklyn Bridge
2. Washington Monument

Why did Carnegie begin working with steel?

It is stronger than iron - he needed something stronger to make the bridge he needed.

why did Carnegie decide to sell his company?

man who dies rich "dies a disgrace" wanted to use his money to help others (gosepl of wealth)

Who bought Carnegie's steel company?

J.P Morgan for 492 million

Charles Schwab

Founder and president of the U.S. Steel Corporation. First president of the American Iron and Steel Institute in 1901, he was also involved in the stock market.

Carnegie's entrepreneurial role

1. managing businesses effiecently
2. seek out out resources at lowest price possible
3. using new and effective machinery

what did many of carinege'es essays reflect?

his belief in human process and confidence in mankind (triumphant democracy)

what was the philosophical basis of Carnegie's optimism?

Social Darwinism, "survival of the fittest"

Who was Herbert Spencer?

English philosopher associated with social darwinism, Carnegie treasured his work

Why do people succeed according to social dawrinsism?

they are virtuous, enabling businessmen to forget the brutal side of their success

what was Carnegie's "brutal" side

ruthlessness, hard on coworkers, spread rumors about competitors

Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers

Association of iron and steel workers that were involved in the homestead strike

why did Carnegie chose steel over financing

wanted to male money by producing something tangible and useful.

When did Russian jews arrive to us in large numbers?

1880

When did the first jews come to America?

1654, new Amsterdam

Pale of settlement

Restricted district that Jews in Russia were required to live in. Also known as 'The Pale.' Poland, Lithuania, Byelorussia and the Ukraine

Mary antin

wrote "the promised land" migrated from the pale to US born in Polotzk Russia

pogroms

outbreaks of mass violence encouraged by police and priests

Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS)

1892- helped immigrants answer questions and served as advocates for jewish immigrants. provided housing and jobs

Where did most easter European jews live in New York?

lower east side

When Jews were drafted into the Russian military, what were the requirements placed upon them?

convert to christianity and serve 25 years

Ephraim Litizky

poet wrote about immigrant labor as a peddler

Jacob epstein

artist, got creativity from his youth in the ghetto

despite horrible housing and working conditions why did the jews have positive energy?

believed they were on the brink of a better life, more opportunity

what Biblical events did Mary compare her immigration to America?

Going to Jerusalem or crossing the Red Sea.

What type of apartments were common in the Lower East Side?

tenement apartments, often shaped like dumbbells

Where did Mary Antin's family settle?

boston

3 yiddish theaters in NYC

the jewish people, the Thalia, the Windsor

What two Jewish entrepreneurs started Macy's Department Store?

Isidor and Nathan Straus

Madison Grant

Passing of the Great Race- ethnic minorities were undermining american virtues

National Origins Act of 1924

law resting immigration to US to 150,000 annually and establishing quotes that favored northern european people over new immigrants

What was the cheder?

school where Hebrew language, religion and customs were taught

What was the most important Jewish cultural agency?

synagogue

How did the American experience undermine Jewish traditions?

children learned a new language (English) new religion (Christianity)

Dr. Anna howard staw

president of national american woman suffrage association

Rosalie jones

led women on a march to the capital

what were some reasons for the postponement of woman suffrage

-political machines were reluctant to introduce a new set of voters into electoral system
-considered women voters an unknown force that might threaten their power,, nonvoting women could be hired at low wages and poor conditions

Progressive Era

presidential administrations passed many laws designed to reform American society

Carrie Chapman Catt

A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association until 1904

Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good government

Founded by Pauline Agassiz shaw in 1901

Jane Adams

best known social worker of the progressive era, believed greatest problem in city life was the dismal conditions of urban households

Harriet Stanton Blatch

Daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
-brought an appreciation for the more dramatic tactics of the British woman suffrage movement
-organized parades, political campaigns against suffrage opponents, and the organization of working women.

Caroline A lowe

from Missouri, presented appeal on behalf of 7 million working women to NAWSA convention. voting being denied left women victims of the economic marketplace

In the Washington D.C pageant on March 4, 1913, what did the rainbow-colored robes represent? (4)

Justice, Charity, Liberty, and Hope.

Who led a group of women by riding horseback at the front of the parad?

Inez Milholland

_________________ , the Quaker daughter of a local mill operator, was a temperance reformer who initially showed little interest in women's rights issues.

susan b anthony

What two women would form a partnership that would be the most important factor in the first half century of the suffrage movement?

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

What major victory did the suffrage movement win 1860?

Women persuaded the New York Legislature to adopt a law giving married women the right to their wages

Alice Paul

Head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution.
-She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.
-felt that the movement was going too slow and that more should be done on the national level

Congressional Union for Woman suffrage

established by Alice Paul to raise funds for her congressional committee

After Catt had to step down as president of NAWSA, _______________, a licensed preacher and physician who had received a theological degree from Boston University, took the position.

Anna Howard Shaw

Pauline Agassiz Shaw

-movement's great financial supporters
-Through the child-care centers Shaw became acquainted with the problems of working mothers and larger issues of women's rights
-believed if women could vote they would reform politics, improve working conditions, and increase chances for world peace.
-founded the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government.

What kind of tactics did English suffragists employ that were far more radical than those of their American counter-parts?

-planted bombs, destroyed mail, burned men's clubs and social pavilions, damaged golf courses, -attempted to take the royal jewels from the Tower of London.

Who instigated a vigorous suffrage campaign, including the organization of the great Washington suffrage parade of 1913?

Alice Paul and Lucy Burns

Alice Paul established the ____________________ to raise funds for her congressional committee.

Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage

What was another name for the 19th Amendment?

Susan B. Anthony Amendment

Acting on the principle that the party in power should be blamed for suffrage failure, the National Woman's party campaigned against ________________.

Woodrow Wilson

Who was the first martyr to the suffrage cause?

Inez Milholland- died of exhaustion in los angles

Describe Alice Paul's experience in jail?

-five horrifying weeks in prison, in overcrowded cells and then alone in a psychiatric ward
-prison hospital force-fed her through hard tubes pushed into her nose

Why was the League of Women Voters organized?

Created by Catt, it was designed to help women make the most intelligent possible use of their ballots.

How did some men protest against the suffrage movement at the parade?

wearing "votes for men" badges

what were some law passed during the progressive era? and what did they do (3)

1.Department of Commerce and labor
-curtailed some abusive actions of big business
2.The pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act
3.Interstate Commerce Commission
-regulated railroads and proper use of national forests

why were so many progressive laws passed but not the suffrage act?

most laws passed were understood by conservative point of view, Ideal progressive world was mostly white, male, and native

Where was the first demand for women's right to vote and who introduced it?

Seneca Falls Convetion in 1848 Elizabeth cady Stanton

What sparked Susan B Anthony's interest in suffrage ?

she was barred from speaking at a convention because she was a woman

What major victory did Anthony and Staton win in 1860?

adopt a law giving married women the right to their wages

National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)

group formed by anthony and stanton that fought for an amendment that would grant women the right to vote 1869

What was the first region in the US to adopt women suffrage?

Territory of Wyoming 1869

What did Bell Kearney of Mississippi believe?

suffrage of educated women would bring back supremacy of white race over African

Lillian D Wald

Ran Henry Street Settlement House that ran a visiting nurse program which the nurses showed immigrant wives that a woman could be as resourceful as a man

how did the war also help the women's cause?

required women to fill "men's jobs" while male workers joined armed forces

how did some jewish men avoid being drafted?

inflicting injuries on themselves

Majority of the Russian jews that came to America were _____ laborers

skilled

_______ was vital in shaping the Eastern European Jewish experience in America

New York

Shamas

religious functionary with little status, used because rabbis were in short supply

what new form of bookkeeping did Andrew Carnegie learn?

double entry

How did Andrew Carnegie expand his mind as a child?

went to school to learn double entry, extensive reading programs, going Webster literary club