hybridisation lecture 2

sp3d hybridisation

A hybridisation involving one s, three p, and one d orbital, typically resulting in a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry.

octet rule

A chemical rule of thumb that reflects the tendency of atoms to prefer having eight electrons in their valence shell.

A chemical compound where phosphorus is hybridised to form five equivalent bonds via sp3d hybrid orbitals.

PCl5

sp3d2 hybridisation

A hybridisation involving one s, three p, and two d orbitals, which leads to an octahedral molecular geometry.

Lewis Acid

A substance that can accept an electron pair from a Lewis base, often creating bonds in chemical reactions.

Boron trifluoride (BF3)

A chemical compound that possesses a trigonal planar geometry due to sp2 hybridisation of boron.

tetrahedral geometry

A molecular shape in which a central atom is surrounded by four other atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron.

σ bond

A type of covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of atomic orbitals.

π bond

A type of covalent bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.

electrophilic

Refers to a species that is an electron pair acceptor in a chemical reaction.

bond angles

The angles formed between adjacent bonds in a molecule.

trigonal planar

A molecular geometry where three bonds are arranged around a central atom at angles of 120 degrees.

central atom

The atom in a molecule that is bonded to multiple other atoms, typically forming the core of the molecular structure.

Hybrid orbitals

Orbitals formed from the combination of atomic orbitals to create new orbitals that are degenerate in energy.