Brain Functions, Nervous Tissue & Neurotransmission, Labeling the brain

Cerebellum

Helps to regulate autonomic functions, relay sensory information, coordinate movement, and maintain balance.

Midbrain

Helps regulate movement and process auditory and visual information

Thalamus

a structure that relays sensory information for all senses, except smell, and relays it to the cerebral cortex.

Cerebrum

Made of 4 lobes; responsible for learning, thinking, memory, personality and movement

What are the 5 parts of a neuron

dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal

What does a dendrite do?

detects and receives information from other neurons

What does the axon do?

transmits neural information from the dendrites to the axon terminal

What is the myelin sheath for?

it insulates and protects the axon while preventing interference from other neurons; speeds up the rate of signal transmission

What do axon terminals do?

store and secrete neurotransmitters (chemical messages)

Sensory neurons

transmit messages FROM the sense receptors TO the Central Nervous system through the Somatic Nervous System

Motor neurons

transmit commands FROM the Central Nervous system To skeletal muscles through the Somatic Nervous system

Interneurons

make the connection between sensory and motor neurons. Only found in the Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System divisions

Autonomic Nervous System (involuntary) and Somatic Nervous System (Voluntary)

Somatic Nervous System

Sensory neurons and Motor neurons

Corpus Callosum

nerve fibers linking the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Frontal Lobe

for sophisticated mental abilities such as reasoning, planning, problem-solving, decision making and symbolic thinking. It also regulates emotions and expression of personality and self-awareness.

Paretial Lobe

receives and processes sensory information including touch, pressure and pain

Occipital Lobe

process and enables vision

Temporal Lobe

auditory perception (hearing)

Hypothalamus

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

Diencephalon

thalamus and hypothalamus

Structures of the brainstem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Pons

A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

medulla oblongata

Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion.

gray matter

Brain and spinal cord tissue that appears gray with the naked eye; consists mainly of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

white matter

Whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths.

dendrite, cell body, axon

3 Main Parts of Neuron: (3)

dendrite

extensions that receive message and carry impulses toward cell body

toward

Dendrite carries impulse _______ cell body.

cell body

contains the nucleus of the neuron

axon

extension that carries impulse away from cell body

away

Axon carries impulse _____ from cell body.

myelin

sheath that surrounds axon; speeds up rate of impulse

node of Ranvier

space between Schwann cells

axon terminal

end of axon at synapse

synapse

small gap between neurons

Neuron

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

Action Potential (AP)

electrical current in the neuron

glial cells

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

Neurotransmitters

chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons

Vesicles

membranous sacs that house neurotransmitters; fuse with membrane of axon terminal to dump NT's into space

Neurotransmission

the process of transferring information from one neuron to another at a synapse

parietal lobe

Identify D

occipital lobe

Identify E

temporal lobe

Identify F

cerebellum

Identify G

frontal lobe

Identify K

cerebrum

Identify A

corpus callosum

Identify B

thalamus

Identify C

Medulla oblongata

Identify AB

Pons

Identify AC

midbrain

Identify AD

pituitary gland

Identify BC

hypothalamus

Identify BD

sulcus (sulci)

Identify the structure at the green pointer

Gyri (gyrus)

Identify the structure at the green pointer

spinal cord

Identify the structure

Diencephalon

Identify the red structure

brain stem

Identify the structure