Microbio exam 4: eye, ear and wounds

what are diseases of the eyes

1. conjunctivitis (pink eye)

2. ophthalmia neonatorum

3. trachoma

4. keratitis

5. ocular histoplasmosis

what is the conjunctiva

produces fluid that protects eye surface

what is conjunctivitis

pink eye, infection of conjunctiva, can be viral or bacterial, spread through eye secretions

what is viral conjunctivitis infection look like

clear discharge

what is bacterial conjunctivitis bacterial infection look like

purulent discharge

how do you diagnose pink eye (conjunctivitis)

itchy, red, swollen eyes

what is ophthalmia neonatorum

newborn conjunctivitis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis can be transferred from mother to baby, all newborns are treated

what is trachoma

chlamydia trachomatis, causes chronic inflammation and scarring of the eyelid/conjunctiva, results in blindness

what is treatment of trachoma

antibiotics, inward lashes may need surgical intervention

what kind of bacteria is chlamydia trachomatis

obligate intracellular bacteria

what is keratitis 

caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), virus infects cornea

what is ocular histoplasmosis

fungus in contaminated soil, abnormal blood vessel growth causes blindness 

what is treatment for histoplasmosis

no antifungals

what are diseases of the ears

1. otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

2. otitis media (ear infection)

3. otitis interna (labyrinthitis)

what is otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

causes red itchy ear canal with discharge, can be caused by bacterial, fungal or viral infections (ex: pseudomonas aeruginosa, aspergillus sp.)

what is otitis media (ear infection)

in the middle ear and eustachian tubes, causes pain discharge and pressure in the ear

what are cause otitis media

streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae

what is otitis interna (labyrinthitis)

causes vertigo, dizziness and swelling in inner ear, usually viral

what are diseases of wounds

1. burn wound infections

2. surgical site infections

3. gas gangrene

what causes infections of burn wounds

pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram negative rod

what are surgical site infections (SSIs)

usually is caused by patients normal flora, causes fever, pus, and redness at surgery site

what is gas gangrene

caused by clostridium perfringens, strict anaerobe, creates gas, lack of blood flow, can occur after childbirth or in diabetes