Foundations of Nursing: Introduction to Fundamental Concepts

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts of nursing, including health promotion, evidence-based practice, and various models related to patient care and health assessment.

Health Promotion

Activities aimed at enhancing or maintaining health.

Wellness

A state of overall health and well-being.

Evidence-Based Practice

Clinical decision-making based on the best available evidence from research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.

PICOT

A framework used to formulate clinical questions: Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A psychological theory that prioritizes human needs in the form of a hierarchy, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

Transtheoretical Model of Change

A model that describes the stages individuals go through to change behavior: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance.

Primary Prevention

Measures taken to prevent diseases before they occur, such as vaccinations.

Secondary Prevention

Early detection and prompt treatment of diseases to limit their impact.

Tertiary Prevention

Actions aimed at rehabilitation after disease has occurred.

Vital Signs

Clinical measurements that indicate the state of a patient's vital functions (e.g., temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure).

Modifiable Risk Factors

Health risks that can be altered, such as lifestyle choices like diet and exercise.

Nonmodifiable Risk Factors

Health risks that cannot be changed, including age, sex, and genetics.

Health Belief Model

A theoretical model that explains and predicts health behaviors by focusing on attitudes and beliefs.

Illness

The subjective experience of symptoms and suffering.

Disease

A medical condition defined by a pathological process.

Respiration

The act of breathing, measured by rate, depth, and rhythm.

Blood Pressure

The pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels, measured in mmHg.

Pain

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.