Unit 2) Cell Structure and Function Review

Flashcards covering key concepts related to cell structure, function, and transport mechanisms.

Cell Membrane

Allows what goes in and out of the cell.

Mitochondria

Center of ATP production.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Synthesizes and delivers lipids.

Chromatin

Packages DNA in a compact structure for the nucleus.

Ribosomes

Center of protein synthesis and translation.

Lysosome

Digests and breaks down old waste.

Cell Wall

A rigid, hard layer that protects plants.

Golgi Apparatus

Packages, receives, modifies, sorts, and delivers proteins and lipids.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

Synthesizes, modifies, and delivers proteins and phospholipids.

Vacuole

Primary source of storage and waste digestion.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simple cells without a nucleus, small in size.

Eukaryotic Cells

Complex cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and larger size.

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Affects how large a cell can become; high ratio is crucial for efficiency.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with lower solute concentration than the cell, leading to water entering the cell.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with higher solute concentration than the cell, leading to water exiting the cell.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with the same solute concentration as the cell.

Passive Transport

Transport that does not require energy to move materials across the cell membrane.

Active Transport

Transport that requires energy, often moving substances against their concentration gradient.

Facilitated Diffusion

A type of passive transport that uses proteins to help move molecules across the membrane.

Endocytosis

The process of taking in large molecules by engulfing them in a vesicle.

Exocytosis

The process of moving large molecules out of the cell by vesicular transport.

Fluid-mosaic Model

Describes the structure of the cell membrane as a mosaic of various proteins that float in or on the fluid lipid bilayer.