AP BIO: Semester 1 FERP Unit 3

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Enzyme

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21 Terms

1

Enzyme

A protein that speeds up biological reactions by lowering activation energy.

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2

Active Site

The specific region of an enzyme where substrates bind.

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3

Induced Fit

A model describing how an enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate after binding.

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4

Gibbs Free Energy

The energy associated with a chemical reaction that can be used to do work.

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5

Activation Energy

The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

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6

Denaturation

The loss of an enzyme's functional shape due to environmental stress, affecting its activity.

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7

Competitive Inhibitor

A molecule that competes with the substrate for binding to the enzyme's active site.

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8

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

A molecule that binds to an enzyme at a different site, altering its shape and function.

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9

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.

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10

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Energy transfers increase the overall entropy (disorder) of the universe.

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11

Endergonic Reaction

A reaction that absorbs energy, such as photosynthesis.

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12

Exergonic Reaction

A reaction that releases energy, such as cellular respiration.

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13

Photosynthesis

The process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in plants.

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14

Electron Transport Chain

A series of proteins in the mitochondrial inner membrane that transfer electrons and create a proton gradient.

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15

Chemiosmosis

The process of ATP production driven by the flow of protons through ATP synthase.

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16

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The process of synthesizing ATP using oxygen and the electron transport chain.

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17

Photophosphorylation

The process of ATP synthesis during photosynthesis using light energy.

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18

Endotherm

An organism that maintains its body temperature through internal mechanisms.

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19

Proton Gradient

A difference in proton concentration across a membrane, used to drive ATP synthesis.

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20

RNAse A

An example of an enzyme that can regain function under specific conditions.

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21

Fried Egg Proteins

An example of proteins that undergo irreversible denaturation when cooked.

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