ess wrinkles - deposition and erosion

name four ways a stream can carry its load

A stream can carry its load by suspension, solution, saltation, and bed load transport.

name four types of mass wasting

Mass wasting includes falls, slides, flows, and creep.

how are sediments sorted by gravity

they are unsorted like talus

what factors increase the likelihood of mass wasting

steep slope angles, heavy rainfall, vegetation removal, and geological conditions such as soil type and rock structure.

how are sediments sorted by wind

moderately sorted (aoelian)

in a river meander, where does deposition occur

inside bend which forms a point bar

what is stream discharge

the total volume of water that passes a point in a given time

list four major agents of erosion

mass wasting (gravity), rivers/streams flow, wind, glaciers

what is the relationship between stream gradient and stream velocity

the steeper the slope the faster the velocity

what is stream competence

the maximum size of particles a stream can carry

what is the relationship between particle shape (sa) and deposition rate

larger particle shape (more sa) means slower deposition

what is stream gradient

the steepness/slope of the stream

what is an alluvial fan

up-river delta made of unusual deposit that dries over time to create a fan-shaped deposit

where does erosion occur in a river meander and what is it called

the outside bend which forms a cut bank

where is stream velocity the fastest in a straight channel

the middle of the channel just below the surface

what are the s shaped loops in a stream called

meanders

what is saltation in stream transport

when large sediment bounce along the bed

what are 6 basic characteristics of streams as erodes

they flow, their water is held within a channel/streambed, they produce well-sorted/fluvial sediments, young streams produce v shaped valleys, they have watersheds/drainage basins, and they carry stream load in 4 ways

what deposit does a rockfall create

talus (pile of rocks)

what occurs during slumping

large mass of loose material or rock layers break off and move downhill

what is the sequence of events of the formation of sedimentary rock and fossilization

death, burial, compaction/cementation, then the fossil is preserved

how do young streams shape the landscape

they form v shaped valleys

how are sediments sorted by glaciers

they are unsorted (till)

two primary energy sources that drive erosion

sun (water cycle) and gravity

what landform is created by horizontal sorting in a stream

a river delta

describe the process of cap waterfall retreading upstream

soft rock is undercut, the overhang collapses, a plunge pool develops, and this cycle causes the waterfall to move progressively upstream, forming steep, gorge-like valleys.

what is the relationship between groundwater and mass wasting

direct - an increase in groundwater causes an increase in mass wasting

what is the bedlam of a stream

the large boulders and sediment at the bottom of the stream

what is the relationship between particle density and deposition rate

greater density = faster deposition

how do streams transport sediment by solution

sediment is dissolved in the stream and carried by the flow of water

stream load

the amount of sediment a stream can carry

how do streams transport sediment in suspension

small particles are carried with the flow of water by suspending

characteristics of a mature stream

its floodplain widens and meanders develop

what is the relationship between slope angle and mass wasting

direct - increase in slope causes an increase in mass wasting

how are sediments sorted by rivers/lakes

well sorted (fluvial, alluvial)

describe the characteristics of a youthful stream

v shaped valleys and little to no floodplain

what triggers landslide and mudflow

vibrations, tectonic activity, heavy rain

what is stream velocity

the distance water travels in a given time

what is the relationship between particle size and deposition rate in water

smaller particles = slower deposition

vertical sorting

larger denser particles are at the bottom and get smaller as they work themselves up