Imperial Expansion

Which colony marked the start of the tobacco trade?

Jamestown in 1607

What became the first cash-crop?

Tobacco

What was the limit of tobacco exports in 1638?

1,600,000 lbs

What was the fine for adultery and fornification in the colonies in 1669?

1000 lbs of tobacco

How much tobacco was expoted from N.American colonies after 1700

22 million lbs

Who were regularly shipped to N.America for work in the tobacco trade?

Vagrants

Which ship carried Puritan settlers to Massachusetts?

The Mayflower

How many puritans did the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Established in 1629) recieve in the 1630s?

20,000

How many puritans migrated to the N.Americas in the 1630s?

80,000

What markets were enabled by the Puritan New England colonies?

Farming, Fishing and fur

How much did the Newfoundland colony produce in exports of fish?

£50,000 a year in customs, employing 10,000 people

How many ships were employed in the tobacco trade by 1671?

140 ships of between 150 and 500 tons

How much did the tobacco provide in cutsoms a year?

£100,000

Which area of The Caribbean occupied in the early 1600s?

.Bermuda occupied in 1612
.St Kitts occupied in 1624

After the Spanish economic depression where did Britian secure?

Montserrat, Barbados and Antigua

When did Sugar become the primary crop of Antigua?

1674- First sugar plantation established by Christopher Codrington

When was Jamaica seized from the spanish?

1655

What crops were farmed in Jamaica?

Sugar, Coffee and Cocoa

How many acres of cultivation were in Jamaica in 1670?

209,000

How many sugar refineries were there in Jamaica?

57

How many british settlers were there in Jamaica by 1662?

4000

What did the slave population increase to?

From 7000 in 1670 to 55000 in 1713

What was Cromwells’s policy of mercantalism called?

The Grand Western Design

What was the idea of The Grand Western Design?

To disrupt the Spanish monopoly on trade in The Caribbean

How many vessels were built and captured by the British between 1646-59?

109 vessels built and 111 captured

What did the 1670 Treaty of Madrid mean?

British possessions in The Caribbean were recognised and ships could sail freely

How many London merchants agreed to the East India Company in 1600?

242

When was their charter withdrawn by Cromwell?

In 1657 due to royalist fears

When did the company receive a new charter?

In 1662 from Charles II and £740,000 of assets were returned

What did Charles and Catherine of Braganza’s marriage mean for the EIC?

Portugal gifted Charles Bombay which he granted to the EIC in 1667

When was the Fort of Madras strengthened?

1667

In the early years of Charles’ reign how many ships did the company have?

A fleet of 28 with half being sent to Asia each year

Where was the company expelled from in 1683?

Expelled from Java by the Dutch- Hoped to develop a spice trade

How many shareholders did the company have?

500

How much had the annual profits of the company increased by the 1680s?

From £100,000 in 1600-40 to £600,000 in 1680s

When was lasting peace made with the Portuguese region of Goa?

1635

What were the three main products of the EIC?

.Saltpetre- First shipment in 1626
.Pepper- Sold in bulk since 1627
.Tea- Frst shipment in 1664

What else did the company trade?

Calico textiles made from woven cotton which Madras was the centre of trade for

How many shareholders and ships did the Royal African Company have in 1663?

111 shareholders (including James, Duke of York) and 25 ships

How much were slaves sold to the colonies for?

£16 per person (Over £4000 today)

What rights was the company given in 1672?

Right to levy its own army + set up military bases and trading posts

How many slaves were in The Caribbean by 1700?

120,000 slaves

Which ports mainly benefitted from the RAC?

Bristol and Liverpool

What is Mercantalism?

The practice of accumulating wealth through trade with other countries- usually through building an overseas trade empire in order to create a self-sufficient economy and export surplus goods

When were the Navigation Acts?

1651 and 1660

What was the First Navigation Act designed to do?

Break the Dutch monopoly on transantlantic trade by only allowing imports to England and its colonies on English ships

What else was added to the 1660 act?

Exports were only allowed on English ships as well

What are examples of goods produced in the colonies which could only be shipped to England?

Sugar, Tobacco, Cotton, Wool, Rice and Ginger

What percentage of English ships’ crews were English nationality?

75%

When was the Staple Act?

1663

What did the Staple Act mean?

All foreign goods to American colonies had to go through England first

What was applied to cargo as it passed through England?

Customs duties

How much did the Staple Act increase customs revenue?

9.5%

What were Government agents given permission to do?

Board and search ships who may have held imports liable to taxation

When was the Plantation Act?

1673

What did the Plantation Act ensure?

Captains of English ships delivered goods mentioned in 1660 Navigation Acts only to England or face penalties