2025 Spring Semester Final Exam

World History

Slavery and serfdom were abolished in the 1860s in

B) the United States and Russia

Bolívar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?

B) Mercantilism

The high proportion of women and children among the workers reflected in the table is best seen in the context of the

A) low wages of workers in industrial societies

Which of the following would most directly challenge the labor system portrayed in the sketch?

B) The Enlightenment

Rebellious ethnic minorities in the Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian Empires during the late nineteenth century were motivated primarily by

D) nationalism

Which of the following was the primary Ottoman response to the processes depicted in Map 2 ?

D) Efforts to reform the government despite considerable internal opposition

Which of the following best describes an accurate comparison of the relationship between sailing vessels and steamships in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table?

B) The total number of sailing vessels in all regions still greatly surpassed the total number of steamships in all regions.

Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s?

D) The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas

The passage above is an example of which of the following processes occurring in the eighteenth century?

C) The application of Enlightenment ideas

The values of “foreign civilization” that Nagazane criticized in the passage were most directly a product of the

D) Scientific and Industrial Revolutions

The trade described in the passage is best seen as an early example of which of the following?

D) The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states

An increase in the number of overseas investment opportunities such as those shown in the table in the nineteenth century most strongly contributed to which of the following processes?

B) Economic imperialism in Asia and Latin America, as Western individuals and businesses pressured their governments to protect their investments

A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries’ activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth-century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful?

A) African accounts of converting to Christianity

“Extraterritoriality” can best be described as which of the following?

A) Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live

In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by

E) competition among imperialist powers

Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century?

C) Europeans’ use of both warfare and diplomacy

The author’s statement that descendants of Italian emigrants “ended up forgetting the language of their fathers and forefathers” most directly refers to which of the following aspects of nineteenth-century migration?

C) Immigrants often adopted the dominant culture of the state in receiving societies.

The developments depicted in Map 2 most directly emerged from which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

B) Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms

Which of the following was among the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world?

B\) Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil

Which of the following best characterizes Western imperialist expansion in the late nineteenth century?

C) An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time

Which of the following best describes the lithograph above by German artist George Grosz?

D) A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentiment

Which of the following was the most important factor behind Europeans’ readiness to embrace authoritarian political systems in the 1930s?

C) The economic crisis caused by the Great Depression

Which of the following most directly led to the start of the First World War?

B) Nationalist competition among industrialized powers for resources

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Chinese and the Mexican revolutions during the twentieth century?

E) Both generated land-redistribution policies.

Which of the following was a major long-term effect of the global economic depression of the 1930s?

A) Governments began to take a more active role in their economies.

Which of the following was a major similarity between the goals of leaders of the Chinese Communist Revolution, such as Mao Zedong, and the goals of leaders of the Mexican Revolution, such as Emiliano Zapata, in the early twentieth century?

D) Support for redistribution of land to poor peasants

The opinion expressed in the passage above is most consistent with which of the following?

C) Redistributing one-third of the land controlled by large landholders to landless peasants

The economic development Stalin describes above was achieved primarily through which of the following?

A) Government control of the national economy

Which of the following statements best represents a nationalistic interpretation of the collapse of the Ottoman and Russian empires during and immediately after the First World War?

B) The growing demands of various ethnic groups within these multiethnic empires were the primary reasons for the collapse.

Which of the following best describes an important difference between the theories of revolution of Mao Zedong and those of Lenin?

E) Mao placed emphasis on the revolutionary potential of peasants.

The conference as described in the first and second paragraphs is best explained in the context of which of the following developments in the aftermath of the Second World War?

D) The dissolution of European empires

Which of the following was a principal cause of the Cold War?

D) Conflicting capitalist and communist ideologies

The implementation of which of the following policies in China best explains the trend shown on the chart after 1980 ?

A) Economic liberalization following the failure of Mao Zedong’s economic programs

All of the following were policies pursued by both the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War EXCEPT

C) centralized planning of the national economy

In order to achieve victory in China and Vietnam, Asian communists such as Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh did which of the following?

D) Adapted their revolutionary theories to reflect the major concerns of the peasants.

Which of the following best explains why nationalist groups such as the FLN became more prominent globally after 1945 ?

C) Imperial powers were considerably weakened economically and militarily because of the Second World War.

Which of the following developments in the period after 1945 could most directly be used as evidence to challenge the author’s assertion regarding the effects of British rule in India in the first two paragraphs?

B) Great Britain’s divide-and-rule strategy in India deepened religious tensions, leading to a partition of India that resulted in millions of people dying or ending up as refugees.

The quotation above by Gamel Abdel Nasser (in power 1952-1970) was most influenced by

C) nationalism

The map above shows the territorial arrangements in South Asia that resulted from

D) partition at the time of decolonization

The method of achieving political change advocated in the poem best illustrates which of the following practices used by reform movements in the twentieth century?

C) Civil disobedience