MYP 5 Y11 Biology (Reproduction)

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

A hormone that triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum.

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)

A hormone that promotes the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles.

Estrogen

A hormone responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and menstrual cycle regulation.

Progesterone

A hormone that prepares the uterus for a potential pregnancy after ovulation.

Fertilization

The process where a sperm cell merges with an ovum to form a zygote.

Implantation

The embedding of the fertilized egg (zygote) into the uterine lining.

Placenta

An organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, allowing nutrient and waste exchange.

Umbilical cord

A structure that connects the fetus to the placenta, providing nourishment and oxygen.

Embryo

The early stage of development of a multicellular organism following fertilization.

Amniotic fluid

Fluid within the amniotic sac that protects and cushions the embryo.

Amniotic sac

A membrane filled with fluid surrounding and protecting the embryo.

Oral contraceptives

Hormonal pills taken to prevent ovulation; advantages include regulation of cycles; disadvantages can include side effects.

Condoms

Barrier method for preventing STIs and pregnancy; advantages include protection against STIs; disadvantages can include breakage.

Male and female sterilization

Permanent methods of contraception; advantages include no ongoing costs; disadvantages can include irreversibility.

Coil/IUD (Intrauterine Device)

A device inserted into the uterus; advantages include long-term use; disadvantages can include discomfort.

Spermicide

Chemicals that kill sperm; advantages include ease of use; disadvantages can include lower effectiveness.

Copulation

The act of sexual intercourse leading to fertilization.

Embryo development

The progression of stages from zygote to fetus.

Fetal development

The growth phase of a developing organism in the womb before birth.

Birth

The process of delivering a baby from the uterus.

STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Infections transmitted through sexual contact; prevention can include contraceptives.

Chlamydia

A common STI caused by bacteria, with symptoms like discharge and pain; treated with antibiotics.

Gonorrhoea

A STI caused by bacterial infection, often asymptomatic; treated with antibiotics.

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

A viral infection that can cause warts and lead to cervical cancer; no cure, but vaccines exist.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

A virus that attacks the immune system; treated with antiretroviral therapy.