Aeneid certamen study

Deinopea

nymph offered to Aeolus by Juno for helping to drown the trojans

Ilioneus

Trojan man who speaks to Dido first among the trojans who were also lost in the storm

Iopas

Carthaginian poet who entertains people at the feast dido throws for Aeneas’ men; sings about nature, sun and moon 

Book 2

Aeneas telling the Phoenicians about troy’s fall

Laocoon

priest of Apollo, warned the trojans against accepting the Trojan horse. Throws spear at horse, causing it to vibrate and sound hallow

Sinon

Greek plant/“human sacrifice” (“bc Minerva got pissed w/ them”)to convince the trojans to accept the trojan horse. Brought from Argos by leader Palamedes

according to his lie, the trojan horse was created bc the Palladium that Ulysses and Diomedes stole start smoking from the eyes

Eurypilos

the guy sent by the Greeks in Simon’s fake story to the oracle of Delphi; reports that apollo/the gods said that they had to spill human blood to leave troy

Calchas

greek seer, son of Thestor; rival with the sea Mopsus (apparently bested Calchas in a riddle competition). Demanded sacrifice of Iphigenia

Tenedos

island where the serpents that kill Laocoon and his two sons were sent from. The snakes head to the citadel in troy; also the island where the Greek hid while the trojans brought the horse in

Antiphantes and Thymbraeus

Laocoon’s sons

Panthus

priest of Apollo who informs Aeneas about troy burning (after hector’s ghost visits him in a dream to tell him); tell Aeneas to run, but Aeneas puts his armor on and goes to fight

Androgeos

leader of a band of greeks that Aeneas and his companions run into

Coroebus

encourages trojans to arm themselves with greek weapons

Ajax Oileus (the lesser)

rapes Cassandra, dragging her from temple of Minerva

Atreides

sons of Atreus; Agammemnon and Menelaus

Pyhrrus

Neoptolemus; son of achilles; assaults Priam’s palace and is compared to a snake/rushing water

Polites

tried to fight Pyrrhus, but ran into the room where his family (Priam, Hecuba, sons and daughters) hid and was killed in front of them by Pyrrhus

Aphrodite, when Aeneas is trying to kill Helen:

removes the mist from his eyes so he can see the gods tearing down troy’s walls and Neptune shaking the foundations

Creusa

Aeneas’s wife

Ascanius

Iulus; Aeneas’s son; Aeneas, Creusa, and Ancises see a “flame” over his head, which is a sign to value lineage; Jupiter sends clap of thunder to prove it

Aeneas only stops running when:

when he reaches a sacred grove/temples to Ceres

Book 3

Aeneas failing to find new land

1st stop

Thrace; founds new city Aeneadae. While sacrificing to the gods, finds bush that bleeds when torn from the ground.

Polydorus

son of Priam who Priam had sent to try to get allies, killed by King Polymestor of Thrace; buried under the bush and speaks from it. In the ilad, polydorus was killed by Achilles

Polymestor

king of Thrace who stole Polydorus’ gold and killed him

2nd stop

Delos, sacred to Apollo. Trojans reach it by sailing the Aegean Sea.

Anius

king of Delos and priest (also son) of Apollo; hospitably receives Aeneas’s men. The one who gave the prophecy that the Trojan war would last 10 years

had three daughters (Oeno, Spermo, Elais) known as the Oenotropae by Dorippe (woman he ransomed from pirates w/ a horse). Dionysus gave them the power to change anything into oil, wine, and wheat; Dionysus changed them into doves when Agamemnon tries to kidnap them

Anius’ daughters

Oeno, Spermo, Elais) known as the Oenotropae by Dorippe (woman he ransomed from pirates w/ a horse). Dionysus gave them the power to change anything into oil, wine, and wheat; Dionysus changed them into doves when Agamemnon tries to kidnap them

Apollo’s voice tells Aeneas to:

go to where trojans originated from. Anchises interprets omen as telling them to go to Crete

3rd stop

Crete; founds city Pergamum. plague hits. Penantes (household gods) tell Aeneas to leave; they give him Apollo’s prophecy. Anchises interprets it as telling them to go to Hesperia (Cassandra’s prophecy that wasn’t believed). Trojans leave and met by storm at sea.

4th stop

Strophades (island group inhabited by the Harpies); harpies attack them after they kill cattle to eat. 

Celaeno

one of the harpies who gives him prophecies that they will not find their home until they eat their own plates

5th stop

Actium; celebrate Trojan games. They stay there for a year; when they leave, Aeneas nails a greek shield to the door

6th stop

mainland Greece?

Andromache

(Hectors wife, mother of Astyanax) shows up in front of Aeneas. Helenus, son of Priam, is ruling. Pyrrhus takes her (and married Hermione, Menelaus and Helen’s daughter), but Hermione was promised to Orestes, who slaughters Pyrrhus on an alter

Helenus

ruler of this new troy area; a seer. Tell Aeneas what he will endure on the journey and how to defeat them (sail around Sicily instead of thru scylla and charybdis, etc). Sign of the land to build on —> white sow suckling 30 piglets. Travel to Cumae and meet the Cumaen Sibyl

7th stop

sicily; (see 4 white horse before this as a good omen) they rest near mt. edna which is smoking and spewing flames. 

Achaemenides

ragged man who approaches he trojans the next day; Ithacan who fought at troy; tells of when ulysses was trapped in cyclops Polyphemus’ cave; 

Polyphemus approaches and hears them:

the trojans flee

Ortygia

island they pass

8th stop

Drepanum; Anchises dies (only part he wasn’t warned about)

book 4

tragedy of dido

Anna

dido’s sister; dido confides in her

Sychaeus

dido’s dead husband

Dido gives many many sacrifices/offerings to the gods:

(so she can study the entrails with the priests); compared to a wounded doe bc she’s so in love with Aeneas. Starts to neglect city projects (construction on walls, etc)

Juno suggests to venus that:

Dido and Aeneas marry to make kind of power alliance and to delay Aeneas (but she doesn’t know that Venus did it)

Everyone goes hunting and Venus makes it:

rain, so dido and Aeneas shelter in a cave

Rumor

(birdlike) goddess of rumors, runs around Carthage and neighboring kingdoms (Libya?) reporting on Aeneas and Dido’s “marriage” in shameful detail

Iarbas

African prince and son of Jupiter; one of the many men who’s marriage proposal had been rejected by Dido (bc of her loyalty to Sychaeus) learns of Dido’s marriage and prays to Jupiter insulting Aeneas and Dido.

Jupiter heard and tells Mercury to:

tell Aeneas how to leave Carthage. 

Before Aeneas can tell Dido himself, Rumor tells her. 

when dido stabs herself on the pyre, rumor:

rumor tells everyone, including her sister Anna.

Juno sends Iris to:

cut a lock of Dido’s hair and bring it down to Proserpina so Proserpina will bring her soul down (bc she’s stuck in a not-dead limbo until then)

Barce

sychaeus’ nurse; Dido tells her to go tell Anna to come for the  pyre

book 5

funeral games of Anchises

Palinurus

helmsman of Aeneas who sees the approaching storm while Aeneas watches smoke from dido’s pyre

They head back to Sicily to the port of:

Eryx

Acestes

rules over this land, lets Aeneas wait out storm

While Aeneas giving sacrificial offerings at Anchises’ burial mound:

a huge snake comes out and coils 7 times around the shrine, feeding on the offerings

first funeral game

boat race

Gyas

takes lead first, throws helmsman out of boat in anger when…

Cloanthus

prays to Neptune and wins

Segestus and Mnestheus

(1st one hits a reef); both also compete

2nd funeral game

foot race

Nisus

takes first lead, but falls

Salius

also falls; protests Euryalus winning

Euryalus

wins the foot race

3rd funeral game

boxing

Dares

no one challenges him

Entellus

encouraged by Sicilian king Acestes to fight Dares; proposes that they fight without gloves; wins when Aeneas intervenes, sacrifices the ox he wins

4th and final funeral game

archery

Hippocoon

shoots first and strikes mast

Mnesthus

misses dove but cuts cord

Eurytion

prays to brother Pandarus (best archer among trojans from Iliad) and hits the dove

Acestes

Sicilian king; doesn’t have a target, but his arrow catches fire, prompting Aeneas to give him a special prize

Who display horsemanship

Trojan youths

Ascanius

is the final boy, riding on a horse dido gifted him

Juno goes to Iris and tells her to:

to go to the trojan women, disguised as woman named Beroe; breathes madness into them that makes them set boats on fire

Beroe

the woman Iris turns into to breathe madness into the trojan women

Pyrgo

notices that Iris is not the real Beroe

Eumenes

first person to see the fire, tells ascanius what’s going on?

Zeus sends:

rain to put out fire, but they do lose 4 boats

Nautes

old man friend of Aeneas to leave men on Sicily (oldest most inexperience) Anchises shade visits in a dream to back this idea up, and instructs Aeneas how to get to the underworld.

Venus makes Neptune promise to:

keep Aeneas safe on sea if they sacrifice to him; they will make it to Latium

Palinurus was the only one who was:

awake

who makes Palinurus fall asleep, and how?

god of Sleep makes him fall asleep by waving a branch dipped in the river Lethe in front of him and he throws him off.

Book 6

underworld when Aeneas meets future romans

Daedalus landed in

Cumae apparently, so when trojans make it to Cumae, find gorgeous temple to Apollo built by Daedalus. 

Deiphobe

the Cumaean sibyl

Achestes brings the Cumaean sibyl who tells Aeneas to:

to sacrifice 7 bulls and 7 sheep to speak to Apollo. Then in the caves of Cumaea she is inspired by Apollo and Aeneas talks to Apollo thru her

Aeneas promises to make Apollo the:

the prime deity of their new country. Apollo tells him there will be a 2nd trojan war and he will marry Lavinia. Aeneas asks how to get to the underworld to see his dad; Sibyl tells him to find a golden bough hidden in a nearby grove (it’ll come easily if u deserve it), and must bury a dead companion and make sacrifices.

Misenus

guy who died and has to be buried. Died bc he blew into a shell and taunted triton, who drowned him

As Aeneas is gathering wood for the:

burial, finds 2 doves (symbols of his mom Venus); birds guide him to the golden branch (he overcomes small resistance)

at lakes avernes, sacrifice animals to:

hecate

Cybil tells Aeneas to:

bring his sword with him to the underworld; she guides him down

they meet Palinurus, who can’t cross because:

his body is tumbling in the waves after being killed by natives, but sybil promises to ask the gods to make the islanders bury him.

Sybil drugs Cerberus with:

cake. They pass the dead infants, dead innocent, suicide people.

Fields of Mourning

where those who died bc of love are. Meet dido, who ignores him and goes to her hubby sychaeus. 

Meet:

Meet dead warriors from trojan war. 

Deiphobus

first one Aeneas talks to; mutilated son of Priam. Tells Aeneas that Helen betrayed him

Sibyl shows Aeneas the:

the fork in the road between tartaurus and Elysium; they go to Elysium and Aeneas sees his ancestors like Assaracus and Dardanus.