Cell Biology and Enzyme Regulation

A series of flashcards related to key concepts in cell biology and enzyme regulation.

Regulation of enzyme activity

Involves factors such as the amount of enzyme in a cell, phosphorylation of residues, and binding of small molecules.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells that are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells, containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic cells

Simpler cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, like bacteria and archaea.

Integral membrane proteins

Proteins that are embedded within the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.

Peripheral membrane proteins

Proteins that are not embedded within the lipid bilayer but are associated with membrane surfaces.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that provide structural support and shape to eukaryotic cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

An organelle involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids, consisting of rough and smooth types.

Cholesterol

A type of lipid that helps to maintain the fluidity of membranes.

Mitochondria

Membrane-bound organelles known as the 'powerhouse of the cell,' where ATP is produced.

Lysosomes

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

Vacuoles

Storage organelles in cells that can hold nutrients and waste products.

Microtubules

Cytoskeletal structures that function in maintaining cell shape, enabling cellular transport, and cell division.