ch 17 - eyes and ears

combining form for cornea

kerat/o

corne/o

combining form for eyelid

blephar/o

combining form for iris

irid/o

ir/o

combining form for eardrum/tympanic membrane

myring/o

combining form for eye

ophthalm/o

ocul/o

opt/o

combining form for ear

ot/o

auricul/o

aur/o

combining form for sclera

scler/o

combining form for dry

xer/o

what is eustachian tube 

Channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; auditory tube

what is malleus

First little bone of the middle ear; shaped like a hammer

what is cochlea

Snail-shaped spirally wound tube in the inner ear;

contains hearing sensitive receptor cells

what is cerumen

Waxy substance secreted by the external ear; ear wax

what is auditory nerve fibers

Carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex)

what is labyrinth

Maze-like series of canals within the inner ear

• all inner ear structure

what is incus

Second little bone of the middle ear; shaped like an anvil

another name for eardrum

tympanic membrane

what is otoscopy

visual examination of the ear canal

what is cone

Photoreceptor cell in the retina;

responsible for color and central vision

what is ciliary body

what is cilliary body

Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris;

it alters the shape of the lens

what is cornea

Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball

what is rod

Photoreceptor cell essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision

what is accommodation

Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near

what is choroid

Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

what is conjunctiva

Delicate membrane under the surface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball

what is vitreous humor

Soft jelly-like material behind the lens; maintains the shape of the eyeball

what is iris

Colored, pigmented layer that opens or closes to allow more or less light into the eye

what is retina

Light-sensitive nerve cell layer containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)

what is lens

Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil; it bends light rays to focus them on the retina

what is pupil

central opening of the eye

what is sclera

Tough, white outer coat of the eyeball

what is glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure resulting in damage to the retina and optic nerve

what is macular degeneration

Progressive damage to the macula of the eye

what is cataract

Clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

what is strabismus 

Abnormal deviation of the eye;

esotropia and exotropia

what is diabetic retinopathy 

Retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, or new vascular growth within the retina

what is presbyopia (don’t confuse with presbycusis)

Impairment of VISION due to old age

• -opia: vision

what is hordeolum

Localized purulent bacterial infection of the sebaceous gland in the eyelid; stye

what is astigmatism

Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

word for nearsightedness

myopia

term for farsightedness

hyperopia

what is presbycusis (don’t confuse with presbyopia)

Impairment of HEARING due to old age

what is conjunctivitis

eye is infected or inflamed by allergies

• sometimes called pinkeye

pink eye

known as conjunctivitis 

• contagious 

what is tinnitus

ringing in the ears

what is suppurative otitis media

infection of the middle ear that involves pus from the ear

what is tonometry

measures intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma