Ornithology Orders (exam 2)

Bird orders :3

Caprimulgiformes

(Nightjars): Nocturnal/Crepuscular, insectivores, super vocal

(Hummingbirds/Swifts): nectivores/insectivores, small birds, skilled fliers, edible-nest swiftlets (bird nest soup)

Apdiformes

(Cuckoos): zygodactyl feet, brood parasites

Cuculiformes

(Pigeons/Doves/Dodo): plump head, fleshy operculum, pigeon milk, commercially important

Columbiformes

(Marsh birds): near water, precocial young, highly terrestrial

Gruiformes

(Grebes): Lobed feet, aquatic, nest near water, foot propelled divers

Podifipediformes

(Shore birds (sandpipers/gulls/puffins)): diverse, can be highly colonial

Charadriiformes

(Loons): foot propelled divers, highly aquadic

Gaviiformes

(Penguins): wing propelled divers, southern hemisphere, flightless

Sphenisciformes

(Tubenoses): highly developed salt glands, breed on isolated islands, pelagic, colonial, migratory

Procellariiformes

(Storks): Long legs, heavy bills, probably not closely related to herons

Ciconiiformes

(Boobies/Gannet): totipalmate feet, gular pouch, fish eaters, colonial

Suliformes

(Pelicans/Herons/Egrets/Ibises): waders, colonial, elaborate displays

Pelecaniformes

(Hawks/Eagles/Harriers/Vultures): Diurnal, bills with cere, most have raptorial feet, reversed sexual dimorphism

Accipitriformes

(Falcons/Caracara): Diurnal, aerial predators, not related to other raptors

Falconiformes

(Owls): nocturnal, facial disks, reversable toe, soft/full plumage

Strigiformes

(Kingfishers/Rollers): Syndactyl feet, cooperative breeders, fish/insect eaters

Coraciiformes

(Woodpeckers/Toucans): zygodactyl, varied bill forms, cavity nesters, includes some brood parasites (honeygliders)

Piciformes

(Parrots): large powerful bills, movable lower mandible, fleshy tongue, zygodactyl, intelligent, highly social, heavy impacts from wildlife/pet trade

Psittaciformes

(Song birds): Largest bird order (>6000 species and 144 families), complex syringeal structucture (cardinals, wrens, warblers, starlings, swallows, buntings, crows, larks…)

Passeriformes

(Flamingos): bill for straining algae, colonial, nest in mud cones

Phoenicopteriformes

(Hornbills/Hoopoes): forest/open areas, cooperative breeding, hornbills seal away cavity nests

Bucerotiformes

(Kagu): ancient, cursorily near water

Eurygiformes

(Tinamous): rarely fly, male parental care

Tinamiformes

(Turacos): chicken-like but rarely arboreal, bright green/magenta

Musophagiformes

(Cassowaries/Emu): Flightless, 3 toes, male parental care

Casuariiformes

(Potoos): Nocturnal, insectavores, super camouflaged during day, distinctive posture

Nyctibiiformes

(Frogmouth): Nocturnal, huge gape to catch insects, good camouflage

Podargiformes

(Trogon): colorful, frugivores, serrated bill, heterodactyl, elaborate plumage

Trogoniformes

(Kiwi): shy, nocturnal, flightless, nostrils at tip of bill, very large eggs, male parental care

Apterygiformes

(Chicken/Pheasent/Turkey/Quail): strong brief flight, economically important, mainly domesticated, precocial young

Galliformes

(Ducks/Geese/Swans): migratorial, economically important, aquadic

Anseriformes

(Rhea): Flightless, 3 toes, complex mating system, male parental care

Rheiformes

(Oilbird): frugivores, night active, (only ones to be both), colonial cave nesters

Steatornithiformes

(Hoatzin): large crop for leaves, claws on wings of hatchlings, rivers and streams

Opistocomiformes

(Ostriches): largest bird, flightless, 2 toes, several lay eggs in one nest, biparental care

Struthioniformes