Introductory Psychology CLEP: MORE TO KNOW

Wilhelm Wundt

• founded first psych lab

• father of experimental psychology

William James

• functionalism

• “Principles of Psychology”

Sigmund Freud

• founder of psychoanalysis

• theories unconscious mind

• psychosexual development

Ivan Pavlov

• classic conditioning

• experiment on dogs

John B. Watson

• behaviorism

• Little Albert experiment

B.F. Skinner

• operant conditioning

• the Skinner box

Jean Piaget

• Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

Lev Vygotsky

• social development theory

• the Zone of Proximal Development

Erik Erikson

• Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development

• eight stages of developent

Lawrence Kohlberg

• stages of moral development

Albert Bandura

• social learning theory

• the Bobo doll experiment

Noam Chomsky

• theory of universal grammar

• critiques of behaviorism

Elizabeth Loftus

• memory

• false memories

• misinformation effect

Carl Rogers

• client-centered therapy

• unconditional positive regard

Abraham Maslow

• hierarchy of needs

• self-actualization

Gordon Allport

• trait theory of personality

Stanley Milgram

• obedience to authority

• milgram experiment

Philip Zimbardo

• stanford prison experiment

• effects of perceived power

Roger Sperry

• split-brain research

• functions of the hemispheres

Paul Broca

• Broca’s area in the brain - speech production

Carl Wernicke

• Wernicke’s area - language comprehension

Albert Ellis

• rational emotive behavior therapy (rebt)

Aaron Beck

• cognitive therapy

• application to depression

William James and Carl Lange

• James-Lange theory of emotiom

Cannon and Bard

• Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

• emotions occur simultaneously with bodily responses

Edward Thorndike

• the law of effect

• development of operant conditioning

Edward Tolman

• latent learning

• cognitive maps in rats

Ernst Weber

• Weber’s law

• just noticeable difference in stimuli

Gustav Fechner

• founded psychophysics

• relationship between physical stimuli and perceptions

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

• visual processing in the brain

Hermann Ebbinghaus

• memory

• forgetting curve

George Miller

• short-term memory capacity

• magic number seven