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alliteration
words that begin with the same sound are placed close together. Although alliteration involves repetition of letters, most importantly, it is a repetition of sounds
allusion
A writer’s reference to another work. In literature, it’s frequently used to reference cultural works.
assonance
The repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds within words, phrases, or sentences
caesura
A break or pause in the middle of a line of verse
consonance
When the same consonant sound appears repeatedly in a line or sentence, creating a rhythmic effect. Typically, the letter appears at the beginning of the words, meaning consonance is also an example of alliteration, or a repeated first letter. However, consonance doesn’t have to appear at the beginning of the word or be spelled the same–it just has to be a repeated consonant sound.
diction
word choice
end-stopped line
A metrical line ending at a grammatical boundary or break—such as a dash or closing parenthesis—or with punctuation such as a colon, a semicolon, or a period. A line is considered end-stopped, too, if it contains a complete phrase
enjambment
Continuing a line after the line breaks. Whereas many poems end lines with the natural pause at the end of a phrase or with punctuation as end-stopped lines, enjambment ends a line in the middle of a phrase, continuing into the next line as an enjambed line.
figurative language
language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words/phrases to convey meaning.Figurative language asks the reader/listener to understand the meaning of none thing in relation to another
imagery
Language that creates images in the mind of the reader. Imagery includes figurative and metaphorical language to impact the reader’s experience through the senses.
metaphor
A comparison by directly relating one thing to another unrelated thing. Unlike similes, metaphors do not use words such as “like” or “as” to make comparisons.
meter
The rhythmical pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of verse.
onomatopoeia
Refers to words whose pronunciations imitate the sounds they describe.
personification
A kind of metaphor in which you describe an inanimate object, abstract thing, or nonhuman animal in human terms
repetition
The repeating of a word or phrase.
perfect rhyme
sounds match exactly
slant/imperfect rhyme
In a slant-rhyme, the words sound similar, but may not rhyme exactly
simile
A comparison of dissimilar things using “like” or “as”
stanza
A dividing and organizing technique which places a group of lines in a poem together, separated from other groups of lines by line spacing or indentation. Stanzas are to poetry what paragraphs are to prose
theme
The central idea, topic, or point of a story, poem, essay, or narrative
tone
The attitude that an author, character, or narrator takes toward a given subject