Brain Disorder Agents – Lecture Review

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering antidepressants, antipsychotics, antianxiety, anticonvulsants, and substance abuse concepts from the lecture.

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by low levels of norepinephrine and __ in the CNS.

serotonin

A common oral side-effect of almost all antidepressants is __.

xerostomia

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by inhibiting the reuptake of __ from the synapse.

serotonin

Fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft) are examples of __ antidepressants.

SSRIs

The older-generation antidepressants that increase synaptic serotonin and norepinephrine are called __ antidepressants.

tricyclic

Use of __ in local anesthesia is contraindicated in patients taking tricyclic antidepressants.

epinephrine

Amitriptyline (Elavil) is a prototypical drug in the __ class.

tricyclic antidepressant

Phenelzine (Nardil) belongs to the older class of antidepressants known as __.

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is classified as a __ reuptake inhibitor.

norepinephrine and dopamine (NDRI)

Antipsychotic drugs such as chlorpromazine and clozapine commonly end in the suffixes or .

-zine, ‑apine

Benzodiazepines reduce anxiety by enhancing the inhibitory neurotransmitter __ in the CNS.

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and alprazolam (Xanax) all share the stem/suffix __.

-zepam / ‑zolam

Short onset and short half-life make __ (name any one: alprazolam, diazepam, or lorazepam) popular antianxiety choices in dentistry.

alprazolam, diazepam, or lorazepam (any one accepted)

Zolpidem (Ambien) and eszopiclone (Lunesta) are classified as __ used for insomnia.

hypnotics

Phenytoin (Dilantin), a common anticonvulsant, can cause __ enlargement.

gingival

Opioid abuse (e.g., heroin) characteristically produces __ pupils.

pinpoint

Epinephrine must be avoided if a patient has used __ within the past 24 hours.

cocaine

Both cocaine and epinephrine act as potent __ of blood vessels.

vasoconstrictors

“Meth mouth” is marked by rampant caries, burned oral mucosa, and severe __.

attrition

Alcohol, morphine, and heroin are classified pharmacologically as central nervous system __.

depressants