World History Semester 1 Final

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

Most important actions for Muslim people

What three religions are similar in that they are monotheistic and practice ethical conduct?

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

What is polytheism?

Belief in multiple gods.

What is the oldest monotheistic religion that dates back to receiving the 10 Commandments?

Judaism

How did Feudalism influence Europe and Japan?

Provided social stability

What was the most stable and powerful institution in the Middle Ages?

Catholic Church

What were the Crusades?

Religious Wars by the catholics to reclaim holy land

What caused the Black Plague to spread from Asia to Europe?

Trade, merchants

How did Leonardo Da Vinci represent a Renaissance Man?

Excelled in numerous fields of study and art.

What is secularism and why was it important in the development of the Renaissance?

Focus on worldly achievement change in how people viewed the world

What is Humanism and how did it help the development of the Renaissance?

Focuses on human potential and achievements rather than divine matters.

Who wrote 'The Prince' and what was the main theme of the book?

Niccolo Machiavelli, on how a prince gets and keeps power

How did the attitude of questioning authority help to develop the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods?

Shifted the focus to secular achievements away from religion

What helped spread the ideas of Martin Luther during the Reformation?

The printing press.

What is an indulgence and who sold them?

Remission for sin, sold by the Catholic Church.

What was the main reason Henry VIII split from the Catholic Church?

The church would not allow him to divorce his wife.

List how the power of the Catholic Church was weakened during the time of Reformation.

Rise of Protestantism, corruption, and sell of indulgences

What is the Columbian Exchange?

Widespread transfer of plants, animals, and disease between the Americas and the Old World.

Where did Hernan Cortes explore and what was the result?

Mexico, resulting in conquoring Aztec Empire.

Where did Francisco Pizarro explore and what was the result?

Peru, resulting in the conquering Inca Empire.

What are the three main motives for European exploration?

Gold, Glory, God.

What were three effects of the African Slave trade in Africa?

Depopulation, economic disruption, and increased warfare.

What were two effects of European contact with native lives in the Americas?

Spreading of diseases and extreme decrease of the natives

Name three foods transferred from the New World to the Old World.

Potatoes, corn, and tomatoes.

Name three foods transferred from the Old World to the New World.

Wheat, rice, and sugar.

What culture developed the abacus and the compass?

China

What is isolationism and give two nations that practiced isolationism?

Limited contact with foregin nations; Japan and China.

What was the direct result of diseases from the Old World that reached the New World on the native people during the Columbian Exchange?

Death

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Split world between Spanish and Portuguese

Spain- West

Portugal- East

What religion practiced Filial Piety and Five Relationships?

Confucianism.

What is mercantilism?

Nations sought to increase their wealth by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver.

Why did Spain and Portugal want to explore water routes to Asia?

Direct access to species and to make a bigger profit

Who did many Monarchs believe gave them the power to rule?

God.

What was the goal of Absolute European Monarchs?

To centralize political power.

What countries participated in the 30 Years War and why was the war fought?

Holy Roman Empire fighting against Bohemia, Denmark, Sweden, France for religion

How did Peter the Great westernize Russia?

Westernized culture

What are two main ideas supported by Peter the Great and Louis XIV?

Absolute monarchy and centralization of state power. (People should not question government authority)

What was the main result of the English Bill of Rights?

Limited the power of the monarchy and guarenteed rights of the people

What was the effect of the Glorious Revolution on England's government?

Established a constitutional monarchy and forced William and Mary to accept limited royal power

What is the Divine Right to Rule?

The right to rule comes from God.

What was the influence of Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire?

Individual rights influenced Enlightenment thinkers

What did Enlightenment thinkers believe 'Natural Law' was?

Equal rights, life, liberty, pursuit of happiness

How did the Magna Carta, English Petition of Rights, and the Glorious Revolution affect the English Monarchy?

Limited the power of the English monarchy.

List three main ideas of the Enlightenment Thinkers.

Reason, laws of nature, and freedom of religion

What Enlightenment thinker believed that women should have the same rights as men?

Mary Wollstonecraft.

Where did many of the ideas and philosophies of the Enlightenment era originate?

France

Who should determine how the government is aligned according to Rousseau and Locke?

The people.

What was the result of Galileo's disagreement with the Catholic Church concerning his scientific findings?

Spent time under house arrest.

How should scientific findings be determined?

Through experimentation and observation

Who developed/discovered calculus and the laws of gravity?

Sir Isaac Newton.

Why did the French support Napoleon Bonaparte?

Promised stability to the country

Name three effects of the French Revolution.

End of absolute monarchy, rise of Napoleon, spread of Enlightenment ideas.

What was the relationship between the First, Second, and Third Estates during the Enlightenment?

The Third Estate paid all the taxes

What is the scorched-earth policy and how was it used to assist in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte?

Russians retreated into their country and burned everything, which resulted in the French not having any resources

What was the Congress of Vienna and what was its main goal?

A meeting of conservative rulers who restore royal families to their thrones

What group was the leading force behind the independence movement in Latin America?

Creoles.