HIST10 Quiz 1 Definitions

Alexandria

Alex named many cities after himslef, notably Alexandria, Egypt

Analects

teachings compiled by followers/students of Confucius

Arthashastra

“science of statecraft”-Ashoka, Rule by logic and practicality, not religion

Ashoka

Mauryan Empire, Remorse after conquering of Kalinga, Converted to Buddhism(268-232 BCE)

Buddhism

religion started by Buddha, philosophy centered on achieving enlightenment (Nirvana) and ending the cycle of rebirth

Catalhöyük

Complex sophisticated city in modern Turkey, (8000 BCE), People entered through the roofs of their houses, 5-7 thousand people living there at the peak

Chandragupta

the conquered kingdom of Magadha(after Alex died)

Maurya

(322–185 BCE), first empire of ancient India

Code of Hammurabi

Earliest form of law, Babylon, (1792–1750 BCE)

Cuneiform

Early form of writing used in Mesopotamia, wedge shaped

Dhamma

Overarching teachings of Buddhism, wheel symbol(India Flag)

Dancing Girl

(2300-1700 BCE), Mohenjo Daro(Pakistan), Bronze

Daoism

(Laozi), natural order of the universe, “do nothing and everything is done

Diadochi

the rival generals, families, and friends of Alexander the Great who fought for control over his empire after his death in 323 BC.

Domestication

Process by which animals and plants are cultured/breeded into more advantageous forms

"domestication of the mind"

Relationships between humans grew, leaders came to be an idea, society started to emerge

Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamian area where agriculture emerged

Harappa

Indus Valley, city planning, (approx. 2600–1900 BCE)

Han Feizi

legalism, strict laws

Hellenization

the historical spread of ancient Greek language, culture, and customs

Indus Valley

early civilization near Indus River, urban planning, politics/religion unclear

Kalinga

Area conquered by Ashoka

Kong Fuzi (Confucius)

Philosopher, family as framework, education advocate ( c. 551 – c. 479 BCE)

Legalism

statecraft, practicality, keep leaders strong

lextalionis

law of retaliation, “eye for an eye”, different standards of justice for different classes

Linear A

minoan - undeciphered

Linear B

Mycenaeans - deciphered

Lysimachus

successor of Alexander the Great who became king of Thrace in 306 BC,

Macedon

where Alex hailed from, based his empire

Mandate of Heaven

Mandate given by the “heavens” to a ruler to rule

Mesopotamia

“Cradle of Civilization”, City-States

Minoans

Crete, Trade epicenter, many imports and exports, Controlled much of the trade, but also vulnerable to invasion

Mycenaeans

Greek mainland, Palaces were hulking forts of warlords(wanax)

Olduvai Gorge

Archeological site in Tanzania, famous for some of the earliest human remains, (1.2-2 mya)

Oracle Bones

Way to predict the future, Legitimized the power of the Shang Dynasty, Often shoulder blades of oxen, Where the oldest form of Chinese writing was found, The scribes would inscript/write on the bone and then heat it up and interpret the way it cracked

Pataliputra

Capital of Mauryan Empire

Shang

first Chinese dynasty, Yellow river valley, Bronze Age, oracle bones

Zhou

the longest-ruling dynasty in Chinese history, Mandate of Heaven

Ziggurat

Stacked temple for gods and religion, Great Ziggurat in Ur, Not only a religious institution but a production and redistribution center