CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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Cellular respiration

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40 Terms

1

Cellular respiration

It is a fundamental process that occurs in cells to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

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2

Cellular respiration

It involves the breakdown of organic molecules, such as glucose, to release energy that can be utilized by the cell.

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3

Aerobic Respiration

Occurs in the presence of oxygen

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4

Aerobic Respiration

Highly efficient in terms of ATP production

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5
  1. Glycolysis

  2. Pyruvate Decarboxylation (Transition Reaction)

  3. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

  4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

  5. Chemiosmosis

Stages of Aerobic Respiration

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6

cytoplasm

Glycolysis takes place in the ___

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7

two molecules of pyruvate (3-carbon)

In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into ___

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8

Glycolysis

Generates a small amount of ATP and NADH (reduced form of NAD+)

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Glycolysis

Glucose (6-carbon) is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate (3-carbon).

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10

mitochondrial matrix

Pyruvate Decarboxylation (Transition Reaction) takes place in the ____

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11

Acetyl-CoA

in the Pyruvate Decarboxylation, Each pyruvate is converted to

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12

NADH

Pyruvate Decarboxylation Produces ____

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13

mitochondrial matrix

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Takes place in the ___

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14

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Acetyl-CoA enters the cycle and undergoes a series of reactions, producing NADH, FADH2, and ATP.

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15

NADH, FADH2, and ATP

In the Krebs Cycle, Acetyl-CoA enters the cycle and undergoes a series of reactions, producing

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16

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Completes the breakdown of glucose.

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17

inner mitochondrial membrane

Electron Transport Chain is located in ____

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18

protein complexes

In the ETC, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred through a series of ___

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19

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

The energy released is used to pump protons (H+) across the membrane, creating a proton gradient.

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20

ATP

In the ETC, ___ is produced through chemiosmosis as protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase

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21

Chemiosmosis

Protons flowing back through ATP synthase drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

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22

Anaerobic Respiration

Occurs in the absence of oxygen.

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23

Anaerobic Respiration

Less efficient than aerobic respiration.

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24
  1. Lactic Acid Fermentation

  2. Alcohol Fermentation

Types of Anaerobic Respiration

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25

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Common in muscles during strenuous exercise.

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26

Pyruvate

In the Lactic Acid Fermentation, ____  is converted into lactic acid.

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27

NAD+

In the Lactic Acid Fermentation, it regenerates ___ for glycolysis to continue

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28

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis to continue

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29

Alcohol Fermentation

Occurs in yeast and some bacteria.

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30

ethanol and carbon dioxide

In the Alcohol Fermentation, Pyruvate is converted into ____

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31

NAD+

Alcohol Fermentation also regenerates _____ for glycolysis

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32

Alcohol Fermentation

it also regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis

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33

Glycolysis:

  • 2 ATP (net gain)

Pyruvate Decarboxylation:

  • No ATP directly produced

Citric Acid Cycle:

  • 2 ATP per glucose

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis:

  • About 28-34 ATP per glucose (varies between different sources)

Total ATP Yield (Aerobic Respiration):

  • Approximately 32-38 ATP per glucose

Anaerobic Respiration:

  • Varies, but much less efficient than aerobic respiration

ATP Yield Summary

Glycolysis:

Pyruvate Decarboxylation:

Citric Acid Cycle:

(ETC) and Chemiosmosis:

Aerobic Respiration:

Anaerobic Respiration:

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34

cellular respiration

it is a complex process involving several stages, with aerobic respiration being more efficient in ATP production compared to anaerobic respiration.

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35

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA.

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36

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

The complex involves multiple enzymes and coenzymes.

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37

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate to lactic acid.

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38

lactate dehydrogenase

Lactic Acid Fermentation is catalyzed by ____ which converts pyruvate to lactic acid.

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39

Alcohol Fermentation

Catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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40

alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Alcohol Fermentation is catalyzed by ____, leading to the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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