Ancient Greece & Rome

Minoans

• Ruled by “priest-kings”

• Excellent shipbuilders

• Travelled far for trade

• Depended on the sea for protection — no walls

Knossos

• 5 story palace

• Had running water, pipes, and toilets

Mycaneans

• Built hilltop fortresses

• Each city had its own king

• Olive growers

• Traders

• Went to war with the Trojans

Agamemnon - Significance

Agamemnon: Most powerful King of the Mycenaeans

Trojan War - Significance

• Lasted 10 years

• Was told as an oral story

• Artifacts were found at the bottom of hills

• The hills were different cities stacked over each other

Homer - Two famous pieces of literature

The Iliad

The Odyssey

Significance Of Homer’s Stories

• Shaped Greek identity

• Used similes and metaphors in his stories —> changed how stories are told

• Provided a fixed model of heroism, nobility, and the good to life

Barbarians - Definition

• All non-Greeks/Foreigners who spoke foreign languages

Main Greek Values

Theoxeny: The right of hospitality

Arete: Excellence

Hubris: Pride and arrogance

Kelso: Glory through some great deeds

Hellenism

• The ancient Greeks referred to themselves as “Hellenes” — the romans called them “Greeks”

• Hellenic shared religion, language, and customs

Key Features of the Persian Empire

• Founded by Cyrus the Great

• Largest empire (at that point)

• Recognized for its centralized bureaucratic administration

• Recognized for its professional army

Persian empire - Relations with Greek City-States Prior to the Wars

Persian Wars - Why Was it a “Turning Point”

Thermopylae - Significance

Battle of Salamis - What Happened & Significance

Athens & Sparta - Differences

Athens:

• Dependent on trade and agriculture

• Progressive

• Democratic

• Not inclusive to women/girls

Sparta:

• Dependent on agriculture

• Conservative & controlling

• Girls are allowed education

Humanism - Definition & Ways it Shaped Greek Culture (Art, Religion, Sport)

5 Greatest Greek Legacies

5 Greatest Greek Legacies - Explanation

Alexander the Great - Rise to Power

Alexander the Great - Known For

Alexander the Great - Reason Behind his Title “Great" & is it Deserved

Hellenism

Hellenism - Achievements and Developments

Decline of Greece Contributing Factors

Rome - Mythical Origins

Rome - Significance of Palatine Hill

In What Ways did the Greeks Influence the Romans

Republic - Why Was it Established

The Republic - Defining Features (Class System, Function & Organization of Government

Republic - Civic Virtue Definition

Punic Wars - Significance to the Romans

Rome - Foreign Policy & Expansion

Rome - Was the Army Used to Expand their Influence

Rome Citizenship - How was it Significant to the Expansion of the Empire

Life and Duties of a Roman Soldier

Benefits of Roman Soldiers

Difference Between a Legionnaire and an Auxiliary Soldier

Marian Reforms - Immediate and Long Term Consequences

Julius Caesar - Who Was He and Why is he a Controversial Figure

Julius Caesar - His Connection to Both the Army and the End of the Republic

How did Augustus Become Rome’s first Emperor

Emperor Augustus - Major Accomplishments

Emperor Augustus - How did he Use his Likeness (Statues) as a Propaganda Tool

Who are Two Emperors that Left Rome Better Off After Their Reign

Who are Two Emperors that Left Rome Worse off After their Reign

Rome - Why did the Empire Split in Two

Rome - Why did the Capital Move from Rome to Constantinople

Rome - Five Greatest Legacies + Explanation

Development and Rise of Christianity - Significance

Gladiators - How did they Fit into Roman Life

Decline and Fall - Contributing Factors to the Fall of the Western Empire

Rome - What Happened in the Eastern Empire after the Fall of the West