Harp 1st half of the semester

Belle Epoque

Beautiful are of French history, 1871-the start of WW1, It was good for the upper and middle class but the lower class didn’t really change, peace and prosperity

French Foreign policy before ww1

centered around revenage against the Germans, allied with Russia, a democratic country, high literacy rates, wanted to build an empire to rival England

1871- big event

Germany is united

Early Germany

United in 1871, diverse space, largish Jewish population, big population, large economic power

realpolitik

“realism in politics”, power poltics, poltical actions are no longer the will of God, no romance, very relastic, getting things done

Otto Von Bismark

realpolitik stand, catholics are the enemy, creates civil marriage, state controlled primary schooling/start of public schools, free trade, wanted a unified Germany under the rule of Prussian King Willam I, helped a lot with the unification of Germany, built a nation by hating a certain group, used catholics to unify Germany, also targeted socialists, outlawed the socialist party, but also gave unemployment and welfare benifts so thats wierd

Willam I

Prussian King, Bismark supported him,

Wilhem II

with him came the growth of the radical right and antisemitsim, started an arms race, builf up navy, had imperial ambitions, agressive foreign policy resulted from domestic policy, did not like Bismark’s ideas and for example ended the alliance with Russia made by him, total crybaby

1848 Austria

a country with a parliemnt, equality before the law, ended surfam and feudal ways, banned civil marriage, allowed the church the ability to censor things, elianated tarrifs

Austria Hungry 1900ish

a country with increased nationalism within different ehtnic groups, they expand into the balkns, have martial law

Nicholas II

Russian ruler, does not have a parliement, forced the education and use of Russian, natioanlist police

Russo-Japanese War

fight over Manchuria were Russia lost

Bloody Sunday- Russia

peaceful protestors are shot and killed for protesting for the freedom of speech and press, 300 killed, both Soviet and protestors

Revolution of 1905- Russia

kicked started by bloody sunday, results in freedom of speech, press and the creation of a legeslative body in Russia, under Nicholas II, there is also an agriculture reform which makes pesents richer

schlieffen plan

Germany’s stagey for fighting a two-front war with France and Russia

Jutland

may 1916, only war at sea in wwI, Germans had a food shortage because the Britsh are blocking their only water port and starving them, Germans start sinking merchant ships, including RMS Lusitania

Dual Alliance→ Triple Alliance

Made by Otto Von Bismark, allied Germany with Austria and Italy, Bismark wanted peace for Germany because he had everything he wanted, eventually allied with Russia but it was not part of this alliance and was ended by Willem II, this alliance stayed

Entente Coridale→ Triple entene

1907, secret alliance between Britan, France and evetually Russia, shared millitary info with each other

dreadnoughts

huge battle ships made by britsh first that empolyed a lot of people and created increased militrization

1905 Russian Revolution

caused by Russia loosing to Japan in imperial stuff, this lose effected the everyday people badly and they rebelled against the Tsar, this caused the Tsar to create a parliment

Young Turks

1908, nationalists rebel and push out the sultan, squashed balkan indepence, this also gave Austria an excuse to tightens its grip on Basnia which pissed Serbia off because they wanted it

First Balkan War

1912, Serbia,Bulgria, greece, Montnegro vs the Ottoman Empire, Balkan states win

The Second Balkan War

fighting between balkan countries over the divsion of land won from the 1st war, Serbia gained a lot of land from this war which freaked Germany and Austria-Hungry out

Gavrilo Princip

Basnian, wanted Serbia and basnia to be one but Austria-Hungry was preventing this, he shot the Archduke Ferndinad, usally assinations were settled civily because they were really common but with all the alliances and tension it set off WWI

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman Empire

Peace Meeting in Paris

meeting were the central powers and Russia was excluded to figure out how to have a lasting peace, some want to hang the kaiser, 14 points are seen as niave, six treaties are made, includes treaty of versallie and lusanne, decreased German, Austrian-Hungry, and Ottoman Empires

Treaty of Versailles

1919, Germany is stripped of colonies, pentaly for warmongering, forbiden to have an air force and a standing amry greater than 100,000 people, WAR GUILT

League of Nations

14th point, league of empires, US never joins, creates madates and all the jazz we are learning in Minoirties

International Women’s Day Revoltion

in russia, 1917, women take to the streets of Petrograd (St Petersburg) and protest the effects of War including inflation, food shortages and death, this starts a rebellion, Nicholas resignes and the Duma take over

Vladimir Lenin

1917 he is returned to Russia from exile by the Germans, made a lot of public speeches promising peace, bread and land, he created and aided the Bolshviks, he lead a takeover of the goverment because he belived with so many poltical parties in Russia that he could not do things peacefully

October Revoltion 1917

Boleshivicks lead a coup, imprison and murder advocates for other types of goverment, democracy, freedom of politcal expression. captital is moved to Moscow, this leads to war and fighting until 1922ish

Spanish Flu or Infleunza

1918, killed 100-50 million people, or more, absolutley deadly and gross, spread across the planet, infected about a third of the world’s population, on the high end would make it more deadly than both world wars combined, first modern plauge,

Josephine Baker

black jazz singer and dancer from America who lived in Paris, she helped introduce Paris to jazz, fears of becoming Americanized came from her singing and dancing from some Europeans

Cubism

an art style that was popular after the war, it comes from influnce from African masks that were being introduced to Europeans from pictures of African colonies and trips there, Picaso, people thought it was primitive

Dadaism

an art style that became popular after the war, nonsense, relfected how people were thinking after the craziness of the war, nonsense, what is art, it is hard to keep it going because it is a style where once you do something you can not do it again, questioning things, “this is not a ___” because it is actually a painting of a __