Certamen Time

domus

house.

villa

country house.

casa

cottage.

insulae

apartment house/buildings.

vestibulum

space between door and sidewalk; entry way.

atrium

main room of the house; formal reception hall.

compluvium

opening or hole in the roof of the atrium.

impluvium

rain-water basin in the floor of the atrium.

alae

small rooms off the atrium used to hold the imagines (wax masks/busts of important ancestors).

tablinum

master's study.

triclinium

dining room.

cubiculum

bedroom.

culina

kitchen.

peristylium

colonnaded courtyard.

hortus

garden.

latrina

bathroom.

bibliotheca

library.

solarium

sun deck.

posticum

back door.

arca

strongbox kept in the tablinum.

lararium

shrine to the household gods.

lares and penates

household gods.

mensa

table.

cathedra

armless chair with curved back.

sella

stool or chair.

solium

straight high backed chair with arms.

lectus

couch or bed; the main piece of furniture.

fores

double doors.

ientaculum / jentaculum

breakfast.

prandium

lunch.

cena

dinner.

gustatio

appetizer.

secunda mensa

dessert.

convivium

banquet.

Roman Food Shortages

Romans did not have corn

Roman Substitutes

They used honey instead of sugar

Most Important Crops

Grapes (uvae) and olives (olivae).

puls

porridge.

panis

bread.

mel

honey.

ova

eggs.

malum

apple.

perna

ham.

fabae

beans.

malum Persicum

peach.

malum Punicum

pomegranate.

cerasus

cherry.

pirum

pear.

caseus

cheese.

garum

fish sauce.

pork

favorite meat of Romans.

lac

milk.

vinum

wine.

aqua

water.

mulsum

wine with honey.

mulsa

water with honey.

mustum

grape juice.

tunica

long undershirt worn by all Romans.

toga virilis (also toga pura or toga liber)

plain white wool toga worn by men; a sign of Roman citizenship.

toga praetexta

purple/crimson bordered toga worn by boys and high ranking public officials.

toga candida

bright

toga pulla

dark toga worn at funerals for mourning or during a crisis.

toga picta

crimson toga worn by triumphant/victorious generals.

stola

ankle length woman's dress.

palla

woman's shawl.

zona

girdle.

fibula

brooch

calceus / calcei

outdoor ankle high shoes with laces.

soleae

sandals worn indoors.

caliga / caligae

soldiers' boots.

mulleus

red shoe worn by patricians.

praenomen

first name / given name

nomen

family name

cognomen

last name or branch of clan.

agnomen

nickname.

SPQR

Senatus Populusque Romanus (The Senate and the Roman people).

Consul

highest ranking office in the Republic; head of government (2 elected each year).

Praetor

judge (8 elected each year).

Quaestor

treasurer (20 elected each year).

Aedile

in charge of public games and buildings (4 each year).

Censor

in charge of public morals

Tribune

representative of the common people (plebeians) who had the power of veto.

Dictator

appointed in times of emergency.

Pontifex Maximus

chief priest.

pistor

baker.

tonsor

barber or dentist.

fullo / fullones

laundry man / cleaners.

vigiles

firemen.

ostiarius / ianitor

doorman / doorkeeper.

nomenclator

helped prompt his master with names.

paedagogus

slave that led/accompanied a young boy to school.

nutrix

nurse.

vilicus

manager of a villa or country estate.

insularius

manager of apartment buildings.

verna

slave born in a household.

fugitivus

runaway slave.

Teachers

litterator (elementary)

ludus

elementary school.

School Supplies

included tabellae (wax tablets)

Seven Hills of Rome

Capitoline