APWORLD- general review

Abbasid Caliphate

Islamic empire known for being medically advanced.

Capital in Bagdad. (Modern day Iraq)

(750-1258)

Song Dynasty

Chinese empire known for economic prosperity. Also because of neo-confucist beliefs.

Champa Rice and gunpowder are good examples of technological advancements.

(960-1279)

Mongol Empire

Genghis Kahn establishes empire in 1206.

Known for extremely strong millitary and use of cavalry in battle. Also very prominent in trading along the Silk Road.

(1206-1227)

Ottoman Empire

Founded by Osman Bey as the Mongol Empire fell.

Known for its cultural blending and diversity.

Devshirme → Kidnapped young Christian boys and turn them into Muslim aristocrats.

(1299-1923)

Aztecs

Built the city of Tenochtitlan, very spiritual beliefs. Sun gods.. Human sacrifices.. etc.

Known for advanced agriculture. Chinampas were the floating gardens they used to grow crops.

(1325-1521)

Inca

South American Empire known for using knotted strings for bookkeeping called Quipu. Just as spiritual as the Aztecs.

(1400-1533)

Black Plague

Deadly pandemic that spread throughout Europe and Asia.

Emerged in Northern China, spread rapidly through Silk Roads and Indian Ocean trade routes.

Killed ½ of European population.

Killed 1/3 of Middle Eastern population.

(1346-1388)

Ming Dynasty

Came with the fall of the Mongol Empire in China.

Increased borders with gunpowder. Eventually got overtaken by the Quing.

(1368-1644)

Qing Dynasty

Last imperial dynasty of China. Overtook the Ming Empire.

Known for Canton System→ trade policy that restricted foreign merchants to specific areas/ports.

(1644-1912)

Atlantic Slavery

Transportation of 10-12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean.

Slavery often happened between Protestant Americas and Latin America however conditions were drastically different socially.

(1441-1865)

Christopher Columbus

Columbus arrives in the Western Hemisphere.

Marks start of Spanish colonization and the Columbian Exchange.

(1492)

Protestant Reformation

95 Theses by Martin Luther (a call to reform the Catholic Church due to its immense greed and power) kickstarts this reform.

Turned into political divide between Northern and Southern Europe.

(1517-1648)

Mughal Empire

Indian empire founded by Babur. Architecturally advanced. (Taj Mahal)

Known for religious tolerance. Overturned by Akbar in later years.. often viewed as a kickstart for its later fall.

(1526-1748)

Scientific Revolution

Took place in Europe. The spread of scientific ideology and discoveries.

Great example is the use of a heliocentric systen introduced by Galileo. Went against Catholic teachings. (Protestant Reformation)

(1715-1789)

Age of Enlightenment

A period of philosophical ideas being spread to the common people throughout Europe.

Often used as an effect for other revolutions because of the “equal rights” aspect of these philosophies. Also the infamous “Enlightened Absolutism” and its irony.

(1715-1789)

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid industrial growth in Europe. Rise of Capitalism.

Factories, mechanization, Steam Engine especially. People also rebelled and brought workers rights into the mix.

Think of “Why Europe?”

(1760-1789)

French Revolution

The lower class people of France call for reform due to social inequality.

A Marxist might say that it was due to the fact that France had a lot of wars going on, making them completely dependent on taxes. led to famine.

(1789-1795)

Enlightened Absolutism

During the Enlightenment, several monarchs ‘adopted’ enlightened philosophies such as equal rights and free education. This is ironic however, because enlightenment also calls for the right to a government with citizens rather than subjects.

La Malinche

Indigenous woman that helped translate indigenous tongue to Spanish. She played a crucial role as an interpreter and advisor to Hernán Cortés during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.

First Opium War

Britain had high demand for Chinese goods such as silk and porcelain however they lacked commodities China wanted.

Britain began importing opium from India to China. China became addicted, lots of social and economic issues.

China destroyed a lot of opium’s which prompted Britain to retaliate violently.

(1839-1842)

Second Opium War

Britain, this time joined by France, wanted further trade concessions which led to conflict and resulted in the occupation of Beijing and the looting of the Old Summer Place.

(1856-1860)

Treaty of Tordesillas

This agreement divided the “New World” between Spain and Portugal.

(1494)