Global Challenges: CHINA (PLAN Major Naval Info.)

Major Surface Vessels, Submarines, Aircraft, and Missiles of the People's Liberation Army (Navy).

Renhai Class Cruiser

• Type 055 Destroyer

• Single forward gun

• newest & most capable surface combatant

• commissioned 2020, over 16 more planned for construction

• displaces more water than Ticonderoga and Arleigh Burke

• stealthy

• 112-cell vertical launch system (VLS)

• Aircraft: 2 helicopters

Luyang III Class Destroyer

• 515 ft

• VID: Long; “174” on side

• active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar

• Chinese Aegis

• guided missile destroyer

• 6 torpedo tubes, 64 VLS cells, 2 helicopters

CV-16 Liaoning Aircraft Carrier

• ski-jump catapult (curved upwards)

• 999 ft in length

• first aircraft carrier (2016)

• bought from Russia (“floating casino?”)

• only air defense weapons (18 cell missile system); must use aircraft for surface attack

• 40 fixed wing & rotary wing aircraft

Jin Class Strategic Missile Submarine (Type 094)

• Type 094

• ballistic missile submarine (SSBN)

• 4 of them (construction was supposed to be 6)

• have not been sent on long-range deterrent patrol missions; however, patrolling South China Sea

• Crew: 140

• Nuclear propulsion

• 12x Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles

• 6x torpedo tubes

Shang Class Attack Submarine (Type 093)

• second-generation nuclear-powered attack submarine

• Type 093

• in conjunction with Russian experts

• confirmed to have vertical launching system (VLS)

• can launch supersonic anti-ship missiles, cruise missiles

• Crew: 100 (smaller)

• 6x torpedo tubes, VLS

Yuan Class Submarine (Type 039A)

• diesel-electric submarine

• Type 039A

• air-independent propulsion

• QUIET

• advanced noise reduction; difficult to track

• Crew: 36 (smallest crew, gets alphabetically smaller)

Su-30 Flanker

• upgraded with avionics, maritime strike capabilities, and electronic warfare systems

• similar to American F-15E Strike Eagle

• heavy class, all-weather, long-range strike fighter

• often intercepts U.S. reconnaissance aircraft in East/South China Seas (ex. P-8)

J-15 Flanker X2

• the carrier-based aircraft of the PLA Air Force

• 4th generation, twin-jet, all-weather fighter aircraft

YJ-12

Chinese supersonic anti-ship cruise missile

• grave threat to American carrier strike groups

• sea-skimming

• would only have 45 seconds to engage before impact

YJ-18

Chinese family of anti-ship and land attack cruise missiles

• subsonic cruise mode & supersonic terminal attack

• range = 290 nautical miles

• BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (inertial guidance system)

• 660 lb high-explosive warhead or anti-radiation warhead

Dong-Feng 21

“Carrier Killer Missile”

• two-stage, solid-fuel rocket, single-warhead

• medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM)

• world’s first anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM)

• enhance China’s ability to prevent US carriers from operating in the Taiwan Strait

Dong-Feng 26

“Guam Killer”

• conventional and nuclear strikes

• range: 4,500 kilometers

• capable of striking strategic facilities on Guam, Darwin, and Diego Garcia

1) building a more lethal force to gain military advantage

2) strengthening allies and partners to generate robust networks that can advance shared interests

3) reforming the Department of Defense to realize greater performance and affordability

4) expanding the competitive space to create U.S. advantages and impose dilemmas on competitors

U.S. Response (four strategies)…

• Department of Defense

• National Defense Strategy (NDS)

Hainan Island Incident (2001)

• Chinese air force plane collided in mid-air with U.S. surveillance plane

• Chinese plane crashed into sea; U.S. aircraft had to land on island

• 11-day standoff over China’s holding of plane and 24 crew members

• tensions during George W. Bush presidency

Peace Mission (2005)

China and Russia held first joint military exercises

Missile Test (2007)

missile test in space, shot down old weather satellite; US, Japan, etc. express concern over China’s military buildup

South China Sea (2012)

Philippines and Chinese naval vessels confronted each other off Scarborough Shoal reef; both countries claim the reef (oil & gas reserves)

Loaning 16 (2012)

China launched first aircraft carrier, converted from Soviet aircraft vessel

Spratly Islands (2015)

China expressed anger at US naval ship sailing by artificial reefs Beijing is building among disputed islands in South China Sea

Sandong 17 (2017)

first-generation Chinese aircraft carrier launched for PLAN; 2nd aircraft carrier; 1st built domestically

Largest PLAN flotilla at sea (2018)

48 ships, dozens of fighter jets; 10,000 military personnel deployed to South China Sea

PLAN triples in size since 2000 (2020)

• 360 ships, over 60 more than U.S. Navy

• Intentions of building to 400 ships by 2025

• transformation into powerful modern military

Xi Jinping

Who is the President of China?

One Belt, One Road (OBOR)

• Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

• “21st Century Maritime Road”

• announced 2013

• aims to “strengthen China’s connectivity with the world” (create a massive economically-tied empire)

• investment projects

• high-speed rail, highways, pipelines, energy projects, power plants, port infrastructure

• ambitious (encompasses all regions of world including Arctic & Latin America)

65, $23 trillion, 4 billion

The current OBOR plan extends to…

• __ countries

• with a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of _____

• and includes over _____ people

transparency, non-aggression

The NDS sets the U.S. military relationship with China on a path of _______ and _______.

whole-of-government

The Department of Defense supports a _______ response.

People’s Liberation Army

PLA

People’s Liberation Army Navy

PLAN

People’s Liberation Army Air Force

PLAAF

People’s Liberation Army Rocket Force

PLARF

2018

In ____ China indicated interest in establishing bases in Cambodia and Vanuatu.

Indo-Pacific

China seeks to displace the US in the _______ region.

2013

When did China announce the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)?

2030

China seeks to be the world leader in artificial intelligence by ____. (“Made in China 2025” industrial strategy)

First Island Chain

Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam

“springboards,” “wall,” “barrier to be breached by an attacker or strengthened by a defender”

Second Island Chain

Japan, Guam, Palau, tiny islands

China Telecom

China Unicom

China Mobile

Huawei

ZTE

Chinese state-owned or state-affiliated enterprises (5)

aggregate capabilities

China is NOT close to catching up to the United States in terms of ___ ___.

immediate periphery

China does NOT need to catch up to challenge the United States on its ___ ___.

preeminent power

China seeks to reorder the region in its favor as the ___ ___.

21st Century Maritime Road

high-speed rail, highways, pipelines, energy projects like power plants, and investments in port infrastructure

21st Century Digital Silk Road

Chinese state-owned/state-affiliated enterprises have invested/submitted bids globally in areas such as 5G mobile technology, fiber optic links, undersea cables, remote sensing infrastructure connected to China’s Beidou satellite navigation system, and other information and communications technology infrastructure.

2027

“basically” achieve military modernization by ____

2035

completing military modernization by ____

2049

transforming into a dominant military by ____

2027

by ____, Beijing seeks to develop key capabilities and better posture for a conflict with any country it views as a threat, including the United States

2017

articulated goal of establishing a “world-class military” (essentially one as strong as the United States) in ____

military

China’s expanding global activities are not primarily or exclusively a _______ issue.

5, 1, 1, 27

• __ SSBNs

• __ aircraft carrier, __ building

• __ Destroyers

2017

In ____, China’s leaders stated that the OBOR encompasses “all regions of the world,” including the Arctic and Latin America.