Diagnostic Imaging Lab Final Exam - 1

Position for lateral abdomen?

Right lateral (usually)

Beam center for lateral abdomen?

13th rib

Cranial landmark for lateral abdomen?

Xiphoid process

Caudal landmark for lateral abdomen?

Femoral heads

Exposure timing for lateral abdomen?

Expiration

Patient position for VD abdomen?

Dorsal recumbency

Beam center for VD abdomen?

Midline over 13th rib

Cranial landmark for VD abdomen?

Xiphoid process

Caudal landmark for VD abdomen?

Femoral heads

Exposure time for VD abdomen?

Expiration

Position for lateral thorax?

Right lateral preferred

beam center for lateral thorax?

Caudal border of scapula

Cranial landmark for lateral thorax?

Thoracic inlet

Caudal landmark for lateral thorax?

13th rib

Exposure time for lateral thorax?

Peak inspiration

Beam center for VD thorax?

Midline at caudal border of scapula

Cranial landmark for VD thorax?

Thoracic inlet

Caudal landmark for VD thorax?

13th rib

Exposure time for VD thorax?

Inspiration

Position for lateral pelvis?

Affected limb down

Beam center for lateral pelvis?

Greater trochanter

Cranial landmark for lateral pelvis?

Iliac crest

Caudal landmark for lateral pelvis?

Caudal border of ischium

Position for OFA pelvis?

Dorsal recumbency, legs extended caudally and parallel

Beam center for extended VD pelvis?

Midline between femoral heads

Cranial landmark for extended VD pelvis?

Iliac crest

Caudal landmark for extended VD pelvis?

Distal stifles

OFA symmetry checks?

Femoral heads equal, wings of ilium equal, patella centered

Beam center for lateral stifle?

Stifle joint

Cranial landmark for lateral stifle?

Distal 1/3 femur

Caudal landmark for lateral stifle?

Proximal 1/3 tibia

Beam center for DP carpus?

Carpal joint

Collimation for DP carpus?

Distal radius → proximal metacarpus

Beam center for phalanges?

Metacarpal/metatarsal joint

Beam center for DV skull?

Canthus of the eyes

Position for DV skull?

Sternal with head straight

Beam center for lateral cervical spine?

C3-C4

Cranial landmark for lateral cervical spine?

Base of skull

Caudal landmark for lateral cervical spine?

Thoracic inlet

Film too dark?

Overdeveloped (too hot or too long)

Film too light?

Underdeveloped (cold or exhausted developer)

Green film?

Poor fixation

Sepia discoloration?

Poor washing

White line on film?

Cracked intensifying screen

Black line or fogging?

Light leak into cassette

Grid cutoff?

Wrong SID or misaligned grid

Motion artifact?

Blurry/ghost images

Double exposure?

Two images overlapped

Fingertip marks?

White spots from lips blocking light

Over-collimation?

Anatomy cut off

Under-collimation?

More scatter, lower contrast

Three lung lobes of right lung?

Cranial, middle, caudal, accessory

Organ most cranial in abdomen?

Liber

Kidney position difference?

Right kidney more cranial

Why abdomen look more “black” in cats?

Lower fat → more radiolucent

Colon position in cats?

More midline and less gas

Common distal limb projections?

LM, DP, DLPMO, DMPLO

Skyline view assesses?

Navicular bone & carpus

If image is too light AND lacks penetration?

Increase kVp

Too light but penetration is fine?

Increase mAs

Too dark but penetration fine?

Decrease mAs

Too dark with low contrast?

Decrease kVp

Best technique for thorax?

High kVp, low mAs

Best technique for abdomen?

Lower kVp, higher mAs

Best view for turtle lungs?

DV (lungs sit dorsally)

Best view for lizard Gi?

VD

Best view for bird air sacs?

Lateral

Common small mammal restraint?

Box or tape-down technique

Positive contrast examples?

Barium, iodinated compounds

Negative contrast examples?

Air, CO2

Double contrast?

Positive + negative

Upper GI study evaluates?

Stomach and small intestine

Lower GI evaluates?

Colon

Myelogram contrast goes where?

Subarachnoid space

IV pyelogram evaluates?

Kidneys & ureters

Hyperechoic means?

Bright

Hypoechoic means?

Darker

Anechoic means?

Black (fluid)

Acoustic shadowing seen with?

Bone or gas

Acoustic enhancement caused by?

Fluid-filled structures

Liver vs spleen echogenicity?

Liver is hypoechoic to spleen