Social Studies Test Review; European Explorers

Make sure to study for the test on Tuesday!

Viceroyalty

The territory or jurisdiction

Viceroy

The governor of a land who rules as a representative of a monarch.

Gold, Glory, God

The reasons that the Europeans came to the New World.

Friar

Man belonging to any of the Roman Catholic religious orders who come to convert the indigenous people.

Alonso Alvarez de Pineda

The Spanish conquistador who mapped Texas in 1519.

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

The Spanish conquistador who is remembered for exploring and claiming Texas for the Spanish.

Mercantilism

The theory that a nation’s economic strength cam from selling more than it bought from from other nations.

Columbian Trade

The global exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and culture between the Old World and the New World.

Conquistadors

Soldiers in the Spanish conquest of the Americans.

What do the early exploration in North America by the Spanish, French, and English have in common?

God, Gold, Glory and another route to Asia.

“God give me victory over these infidels, so that I may bring them to His (God’s) service and that of the crown.” -Pedro de Alvarado

Based on the quote, what was the goal of the conquistadors in the Americas?

To convert the Indians to the Catholic Faith.

Which modern day route best represents the path of early Spanish conquests in the Western Hemisphere?

Mexico to Central America to South America.

Which phrase best symbolizes the Spanish conquests of the Aztecs and Incas?

The Spanish conquest of the Incas and Aztecs is best represented by the phrase "destroyed by greed and diseases."

What can you conclude from the results of Alvarez de Pineda’s voyage?

Although Pineda’s expedition was a failure in the he found no passage to the orient.

“Narvaez and several hundred soldiers landed in Florida… Some of the men marched inland. Others remained with the ships and sailed along the coast. After a year spent searching for the inland party, the ships left the area. Many in the inland party became sick, and all of them were hungry.”

Based on this information, what did Narvaez and his mean lack that could have resulted in a successful expedition?

Narvaez and his men lacked adequate supplies and provisions, proper communication and coordination between groups, local knowledge for resource gathering, and preparation for environmental challenges. These deficiencies contributed to the expedition's failure.

Which statement about Cabeza de Vaca is most accurate?

Cabeza de Vaca was a Spanish explorer known for his extensive travels in what is now the southern United States and for his accounts of Native American cultures after being shipwrecked. His writings offered valuable insights into these communities and the challenges of early exploration.

The French created a very productive trade industry:

The French developed a productive fur trade industry by establishing networks with Native American tribes, exchanging goods for beaver pelts and other furs, which were vital to their economy in North America.

What did Cabeza de Vaca learn about from the Indigenous that made his trip so significant for future exploration?

Cabeza de Vaca learned about Indigenous cultures, survival skills, and trade practices, emphasizing cooperation with Native peoples. His accounts provided future explorers with vital insights into North America's geography and resources.

Place the explorers in the correct chronological order:

Columbus, De Leon, Vespucci, Cortes, Pineda, Cabeza de Vaca, Cartier, Cornado, Raleigh, Bradford, Marqued Joliet, Joliet la Salle

Which statement describes a result of the encounters between the Spanish and Caddo Indians?

The Spanish and Caddo traded goods and shared some customs, but the Caddo largely resisted Spanish attempts to change their culture.

Which water route represents the rumored shortcut the French hoped would take them to Asia?

The rumored shortcut the French hoped would lead them to Asia was the Northwest Passage.

“The final disaster stuck when La Salle’s expedition mistakenly sailed past the Mississippi River by more than 100 miles”

Based on this information, what was a common problem for European explorers in the Americas?

A common problem for European explorers in the Americas was navigational errors—they often misjudged distances or missed key landmarks.

This important French colony is located on the Mississippi River:

New Orleans

Which factor caused Spain to become one again interested in Texas frontier?

French exploration and settlement in the region, which threatened Spain’s control and influence.

This was the main economic system used by several European nations from the 16th to 18th centuries (1500s to 1700s) and influenced colonizing in the Americans:

mercantilism

Tell me why Columbus’ journeys to the New World was so important? What did it set in motion? And why?

Because they opened up the Americas to Europe. This kicked off the Age of Exploration, leading to massive changes like new trade routes, the exchange of plants, animals, and ideas (the Columbian Exchange), and eventually the colonization of the Americas. It changed the world because it connected continents that hadn’t interacted before.

Why was Coronado’s trip significant to the course of history?

He explored large parts of the Southwest, helping map the area and giving Spain knowledge of the land, even though he didn’t find the gold he was looking for.

Explain the difference between the English, French, and Spanish explorations?

the Spanish primarily focused on establishing large, centralized settlements and extracting wealth through gold and silver mining, the French concentrated on fur trade through alliances with Native Americans, and the English aimed to build permanent, self-governing colonies with large populations of settlers, often displacing indigenous communities. 

What’s the name of the trade that’s being shown in the map below? And how does it work?

Columbian Trade. They got slaves from Africa and natural Resources from South America, and they turned them into shops, and tools in Europe.