Topic 7: Global Challenges

A challenge / Pressing matters / An issue

Daunting task, thorny issue, headache for someone

Despite technological progress, climate change remains a significant __________ that requires immediate international cooperation because it is one of the most __________ of our century, representing an __________ that no single nation can solve alone.

Thách thức / Vấn đề cấp bách / Vấn đề cần cân nhắc

Economic or political instability / Social unrest / Civil war

Political turmoil, civil strife, state of chaos

Frequent changes in leadership often lead to __________, which eventually triggers __________ as citizens take to the streets to protest, sometimes escalating into a full-scale __________ that tears the nation apart.

Bất ổn kinh tế hoặc chính trị / Bất ổn xã hội / Nội chiến

Joblessness / Livelihood / Social mobility

Out of work, join the breadline, move up the social ladder

High rates of __________ among the youth can devastate their future, as without a stable __________, they cannot afford basic necessities or achieve the __________ needed to improve their status in society.

Thất nghiệp / Kế sinh nhai / Sự dịch chuyển xã hội

Economic prospects / The private sector

Financial outlook, commercial world, business environment

Young people in rural areas often lack bright __________, forcing them to leave their hometowns to find jobs in __________ where competition is fierce but the rewards are significantly higher.

Triển vọng kinh tế / Khu vực tư nhân

Developed countries / Developing countries

Industrialised nations, emerging economies, third-world countries

There is a widening gap between __________ with advanced infrastructure and __________ that are still struggling to provide basic education, clean water, and reliable electricity to their citizens.

Các nước phát triển / Các nước đang phát triển

Demographics / Longevity

Population makeup, life expectancy, age distribution

The changing __________ in many Western nations, characterized by increased __________, mean that governments must spend more on pension schemes and elderly care as the workforce shrinks.

Nhân khẩu học / Tuổi thọ

To migrate / 'Brain drain'

Seek a new life, human capital flight, head off to

When talented doctors and engineers choose __________ to wealthier nations in search of better pay, their home countries suffer from a severe __________ that hampers local medical and engineering development.

Di cư / "Chảy máu chất xám"

Existential threats / An outbreak

Dire consequences, sudden flare-up, major blow

Global warming is considered one of the few __________ to humanity, much like the sudden __________ of a highly contagious virus that could wipe out large portions of the population within months.

Mối đe dọa sinh tồn / Sự bùng phát (dịch bệnh/xung đột)

Corruption

Abuse of power, kickback scheme, dishonest conduct

Nations with high levels of __________ often find that international aid never reaches the poor, as dishonest officials divert the funds into their own bank accounts through various illegal means.

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