Chapter 8 - Alkene Addition Reactions

What is the general formula for Alkene Addition Reactions?

What is Hydrohalogenation?

The electrophile addition of H-X to an alkene.

What is this reaction? What is the Product? What is the Mechanism? What rule does it follow?

What is Markovnikov’s Rule?

Markovnikov’s Rule states that in the addition of HX (where X is a halogen) to an alkene, hydrogen (H) will add to the carbon with more hydrogen atoms already attached (the less substituted carbon), resulting in the formation of the more stable, more highly substituted carbocation intermediate.

What is a Hydration Reaction?

The addition of H₂O to an alkene.

What is the general reaction of a Hydration Reaction?

Write out the product and mechanism for this reaction. What is this Reaction? What rule does it follow?

How do Zaitsev’s and Markovnikov’s rules affect hydration reactions?

To favor the alcohol (hydration), increase the [H₂O] to shift the equilibrium to the right. Use dilute aq acid. Markovnikov’s.

To favor the Alkene (dehydration), minimize presence of H₂O (use concentrated acid). Remove either H₂O, alkene (or both), from the reaction mixture to shift the equilibrium to the left. Zaitsev’s.

What is Hydrogenation?

The addition of H₂ to a multiple bond.

What is the general reaction for hydrogenation? List the catalysts and draw the proposed mechanism.

What is the Stereochemistry of Hydrogenation?

Syn Addition - cis is the major product. Atoms/groups are added to the same face of a c=c (alkene)

What is Facial selectivity? Draw out the diagram for this reaction’s facial selectivity.

What is this reaction? What rule does it follow?

Write in the missing reactants and products of this Hydroboration - Oxidation Reaction. What rule does it follow? What is the mechanism and what is it called?

What is the General Reaction for Hydroboration? What is a Boron hydride?

What is the Stereochemistry of a Hydroboration Oxidation Reaction? Write in the reactants and product.

What is Halogenation? What is the general reaction formula? What can the halogens be? What is the product called?

The addition of X₂ to an alkene.

What is the reactants and products of this reaction? What is it? What is the mechanism?

What is a Halohydrin?

Forms upon treatment of an alkene with a halogen in H2O.

What is this reaction demonstrating? What is its mechanism?

What is Epoxidation? What is the general reaction formula?

An electrophilic addition of oxygen to an alkene.

What is the mechanism? What is the reaction?

What is Ozonolysis? What is the general formula?

Cleavage of an alkene to form carbonyl compounds.

What is the Mechanism? What is the reaction?

What is a multi-step synthesis reaction? What is the strategy of these reactions?

A series of 2+ reactions to carry out the transformation from one molecule to another. Strategy: Work Backwards.