Procedures in Ruminants

dehorning & disbudding

method of choice should be match the size of the horn and the age of the animal

disbudding

destruction or excision of horn producing cells before skull attachment

between 7-10 days of age

what age should we disbud goats

birth to 2 months

what age should we disbud cattle

dehorning

excision of horn after the horn has erupted through the skin and protrudes

caustic paste & electric dehorning irons

methods of disbudding in goats

caustic paste

is placed on the horn bud

yourself ; eyes

caustic paste: care must be taken to not get the paste on — or in the animal’s —

electric dehorning irons

placed over the horn bud and burn the bud and surrounding tissue to “kill” the horn

restrain

saw dehorning: — the animal

clip ; horn ; 1

saw dehorning: — the hair from the base of the — (approx — inch wide all around the horn base)

½ inch ; base

saw dehorning: saw the horns, — of the skin growing from the — of the horn

risk of injury

tetanus antitoxin and antibiotics

saw dehorning: give injections of — and —

caustic paste, dehorning iron, dehorning cup and dehorning knife

methods of disbudding in large ruminants

first few days of life

caustic paste (large rumi): application within the —

caustic paste (large ruminants)

application within the first few days of life

2 weeks of age

caustic paste (large rumi) is less effective and discourage after the calf is in what age

1 cm of skin

dehorning knife: remove about — around the horn bud

2-3 months with a mobile horn

dehorning knife: calves up to what age

dehorning knife

advantages: minimal tissue damage, avoidance of exposing the sinus cavity

blood supply

dehorning iron: — will be seared off the horn bud, and the area will die and drop off

1 cm ; edges

dehorning iron: hot iron is placed over the horn bud, — from the horn bud —, twisted a few times

about 2 months of age

dehorning iron for cattle in what age

downward ; scissor-like

dehorning cup: — pressure on the tool, apply with a — movement

2-6 months to weaners

dehorning cup for cattle in what age

vertically ; pushing ; outward

scoop dehorners: pressing — down the horn and — the handles — thereby scooping out the horn

weaners and older cattle

scoop dehorners for cattle in what age

saw dehorning

removal of the horn based using a horn saw

horn tipping

removal of sharp points of the horns

horn tipping

treatment for irritation caused when a curled horn grows back into the head

testes , epididymides ; portion of each sperm duct

castration of the young buck kid/calf involves the removal of —

wether

castrated male goat or sheep

steer

castrated male cattle

youngest age

castration should take place at the — possible

back/rump ; hind limbs ; forward

castration restraint for young kids: an assistant set the buck on his lower — with — pointing —

vertical or nearly vertical ; holder

castration restraint for young kids: the kid’s back is — and held against the body of the —

stanchion or cast to the ground

castration restraint for 3-4 months old goats

chute ; tail

castration restraint for calf: let the calf stand in a — with the — held directly over the back by another person

table

castration restraint for calf: laying the calf on a —

stretching ; ground

castration restraint for cattle: — the calf out on the —

castration with burdizzo (no blood)

method: crushed the blood vessels —> interrupts blood supply —> kills the testicles

young animals

burdizzo should be used on —

hand ; two rope-like testicular cords

castrate with burdizzo: feel the scrotum with your — and you wil fell the — inside

burdizzo ; left hand ; side ; squeeze

take the — in your right hand and with your — push the cord to the — between the jaws of the burdizzo and — hard

esmasculatome ; 2/3

position the jaws of the — about — of the scrotum below the crush site when the jaws are closed

left hand ; other cord

now take the burdizzo in the — and crush the —

10 seconds

crush for —