Eucharist Views and Vatican II Reforms in Reformation

Eucharist

Sacrament commemorating Christ's Last Supper.

Excommunication

Exclusion from church community due to heresy.

Indulgences

Remission of punishment for sins, often sold.

Original Sin

Doctrine stating humanity's inherent sinful nature.

Asceticism

Practice of severe self-discipline for spiritual goals.

Incarnation

Doctrine of God becoming human in Jesus Christ.

Covenant

Sacred agreement between God and His people.

Eschatology

Study of end times and final events.

Orthodoxy

Adherence to accepted norms of religious doctrine.

Dark Ages

Period of cultural and economic decline in Europe.

East-West Schism

Division between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches.

Council of Trent

Catholic response to Protestant Reformation, reaffirming doctrines.

Edict of Milan

Legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire, 313 AD.

Great Awakening

Religious revival movement in 18th century America.

Synoptic Gospels

Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, sharing similar content.

Book of Common Prayer

Liturgical text for Anglican worship.

Maccabees

Books recounting Jewish history and revolt against Hellenism.

Jesuits

Catholic religious order focused on education and missions.

Gnostics

Early Christian sect emphasizing secret knowledge for salvation.

Hussites

Followers of John Huss advocating for church reform.

Zealots

Jewish political movement resisting Roman rule.

Society of Friends

Religious group known as Quakers, emphasizing peace.

Passover

Jewish festival commemorating the Exodus from Egypt.

Exodus

Biblical account of Israelites' escape from Egypt.

Augustine of Hippo

Early Christian theologian, influential in Western Christianity.

Catherine of Siena

Mystic and saint known for her writings and reforms.

Constantine

Roman Emperor who legalized Christianity in 313 AD.

Peter

One of Jesus' apostles, considered the first pope.

Paul

Apostle who spread Christianity through missionary journeys.

Pius V

Pope known for excommunicating Queen Elizabeth I.

Martin Luther

Initiated Protestant Reformation, emphasizing justification by faith. christ Is in the bread and wine

Ulrich Zwingli

Reformer who rejected the Eucharist as literal body. memorial meal

John Calvin

Theologian emphasizing predestination and God's sovereignty. spiritual presence

Second Vatican Council

1962-1965 council reforming Catholic Church practices.

Vernacular Languages

Common languages used in liturgy for accessibility.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement emphasizing reason over tradition.