L5: Anterior Thigh & Medial Thigh Muscles

OIIF for the sartorius

1. origin: ASIS

2. insertion: medial proximal tibia

3. innervation: femoral N

4. function: FABER

   1. knee F (minor role)

   2. hip F

   3. hip abduction

   4. lateral rotation of hip

OIIF for the iliopsoas

1. origin:

   1. iliac fossa

   2. vertebral bodies (t12 - l4)

2. insertion: lesser trochanter

3. innervation: femoral N

4. function: hip F (powerful one)

OIIF for the rectus femoris

1. origin: AIIS

2. insertion: tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)

3. innervation: femoral N

4. function:

   1. hip F

   2. knee E

OIIF for the vastus medialis

1. origin: medial aspect of the linea aspera

2. insertion: tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)

3. innervation: femoral N

4. function: knee E

OIIF for the vastus lateralis

1. origin: lateral aspect of the linea aspera

2. insertion: tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)

3. innervation: femoral N

4. function: knee E

OIIF for the vastus intermedius

1. origin: anterior shaft of femur

2. insertion: tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)

3. innervation: femoral N

4. function: knee E

what is the femoral N

arises from the lumbar plexus (L1-L4)

• path:

  • from lateral border of psoas major

  • b/w the psoas major / illiacus

  • deep to the inguinal ligament

  • enters femoral triangle (lateal to the femoral A)

  • splits immediately

• innervates:

  • iliopsoas

  • sartorius

  • quadricep muscles

• helps with: hip F, knee F, hip ab, lateral rotation of hip

what is the obturator N

arises from the lumbar plexus (L1-L4)

• path:

  • from medial border of psoas major

  • along lateral pelvic wall

  • through obturator foramen

  • b/w adductor longus / adductor brevis

• innervates:

  • adductor longus

  • adductor brevis

  • adductor magnus

  • gracilis

  • obturator externus

• helps with: hip ad, knee F (weak), lateral rotation of hip

what is the external iliac A

a continuation of the common iliac A

• path:

  • along pelvic inlet

  • deep to inguinal ligament

  • becomes femoral A

• supplies: entire lower limb

what is the femoral A

• path:

  • begins @ the inguinal ligament

  • through femoral triangle

  • through adductor haitus

• branches: popliteal A, deep A of thigh

• supplies: entire leg

what is the deep A of thigh

• branch of the femoral A (in the proximal thigh)

• runs lateral/posterior around femur

• supplies: posterior compartment

what is the popliteal A

a continuation of the femoral A

• after the adductor hiatus

• path:

  • posterior to knee joint

  • within the popliteal fossa

• branches: ant/post tibial A

• supplies: knee joint (+ hamstring)

what is the anterior tibial A

• path:

  • through interosseus membrane

  • in the anterior compartment

  • continues onto foot

• branch: dorsal A of foot

• supplies: anterior compartment

what is the dorsal A of foot

a continuation of the anterior tibial A

• supplies:

  • dorsum of foot

  • contributes to plantar circulation

what is the posterior tibial A

• path:

  • in the posterior compartment

  • posterior to the medial malleolus

• branches: fibular A, lateral/medial plantar A

• supplies: posterior compartment

what is the fibular A

branch of the posterior tibial A

• runs along posterolateral leg

• near the fibula

• supplies: lateral compartment

what is the medial plantar A

runs along the medial sole of foot

• supplies: medial plantar foot

what is the lateral plantar A

crosses the sole of foot laterally

• supplies: lateral plantar foot

OIIF for the pectineus

1. origin: superior pubic ramus

2. insertion: medial femoral shaft (proximal 1/3)

3. innervation: femoral N

   1. b/c it’s close to the iliopsoas

4. function: hip ad, hip F (weak)

OIIF for the adductor longus

1. origin:

   1. pubic tubercle

   2. pubic symphysis

2. insertion: linea aspera

3. innervation: obturator N

4. function: hip ad

OIIF for the adductor brevis

1. origin: inferior pubic ramus

2. insertion: upper ½ of linea aspera

3. innervation: obturator N

4. function: hip ad

OIIF for the adductor magnus

1. origin:

   1. inferior pubic ramus

   2. ischial tuberosity

2. insertion:

   1. adductor; linea aspera

   2. hamstring; adductor tubercle

3. innervation

   1. adductor; obturator N

   2. hamstring; sciatic N

4. function

   1. adductor; hip ad

   2. hamstring; hip E

what is the adductor hiatus

refers to where the femoral A/V pass through

• located @ the distal medial thigh

• where the femoral A/V become popliteal A/V

OIIF for the gracilis

1. origin: inferior pubic ramus

2. insertion: medial tibia

3. innervation: obturator N

4. function:

   1. hip ad

   2. knee F (weak)

what is the femoral triangle

the triangular anatomical space

• in the anterior thigh

• located inferior to inguinal ligament

• which facilitates efficient blood flow + innervation to thigh/leg

• which contains the femoral V, A, N

border of the femoral triangle

1. lateral border - sartorius

2. medial border - adductor longus

3. roof - inguinal ligament

4. floor

   1. pectineus

   2. iliopsoas

what is the pes anserine

the goose’s foot

• which refers to the conjoined tendinous intersection

• on the anteromedial proximal tibia

• found anterior to the MCL

• with..

  • S - sartorius (anterior)

  • G - gracilis (medial)

  • T - semitendinous (posterior)

OIIF for the quadratus lumborum

1. origin:

   1. iliac crest

   2. iliolumbar ligament

2. insertion:

   1. inf. border of 12th rib

   2. transverse processes of L1-L4

3. innervation: lumbar plexus (?)

4. function:

   1. ipsilateral lateral F of trunk

   2. E of lumbar spine

   3. stabilizes 12th rib during inspiration

muscles in the gluteal muscles compartment

movements: hip E, lateral rotation of hip, hip ab, medial rotation of hip

1. tensor fascia latae

2. gluteal max, med, min

3. piriformis

4. gemellus sup/inf

5. obturator int/ext

6. quadratus femoris

muscles in the anterior compartment of thigh (the quads)

movements: knee F, hip F, hip ab, lateral rotation of hip, knee E

1. sartorius

2. iliopsoas (+ quadratus lumborum)

3. rectus femoris

4. vastus lateralis

5. vastus intermedius

6. vastus medialis

muscles in the medial compartment of thigh

movements: hip ad, hip F, hip E, knee F

1. pectineus

2. adductor longus

3. adductor brevis

4. adductor magnus

5. gracilis

muscles in the posterior compartment of thigh (the hamstrings)

movements: knee E, hip E

1. semitendinosus

2. semimembranosus

3. biceps femoris