Central Nervous System Bolded Terms (Unit 9)

UGRC Vet Tech (Year 1)

What is the junction called between two neurons which passes along signal along to the next cell?

• Synapse

What is the junction called between a neuron and a muscle or gland cell?

• Neuro-Effector Junction

What are specific chemicals called which carry messages across junctions and either stimulate or inhibit the adjacent structure?

• Neurotransmitters

What CNS drug category produces slight CNS depression without inducing sleep?

• Sedatives

What CNS drug category Alters behavioural patterns without inducing sleep?

• Tranquilizers

What CNS drug category decreases pain without inducing sleep?

• Non-narcotic analgesics

What CNS drug category decreases or blocks pain and could possibly induce sleep?

• Narcotic Analgesics

What CNS drug category depresses CNS activity to produce a state similar to sleep?

• Hypnotics

What CNS drug category causes a local loss of sensation without sleep?

• Local Anesthetics (blocking nerves in a specific area resulting with a loss of sensation)

What CNS drug category cases a systemic loss of sensation as well as sleep?

• General Anesthetics (loss of ALL sensation)

What CNS drug category corrects abnormal brain activity?

• Anticonvulsants

What CNS drug category increases specific areas of CNS activity such as the respiratory centre?

• Stimulants

____________ produces some CNS depression while the patient is awake and _____________ produces some sedation but mainly alters the animals response to stimuli

• Sedatives

• Tranquilizers

What phenothiazine derivative blocks dopamine receptors with no analgesia?

• Primaryly tranquilizers such as Acepromazine

What adrenergic agonists are only used in healthy patients as they can cause muscle tremors, decreased BP, and polyuria in cats?

• Alpha-2

What is the term for the combination of sedatives/tranquilizers plus analgesia?

• Neuroleptanalgesia

What are derived from opium poppy alkaloids, have 4 types of receptors and can be agonists, partial agonists, agonist-antagonists or antagonist?

• Opioids

What is the interchange word for opioids?

• Opiates

What is the difference between induction/injectable anesthetics and inhalant anesthetics?

• Injectable → brings to a state of general anesthesia but for a limited time and must be continued or switched to an inhalant

• Inhalant → main general anesthesia for a prolonged period

There are no safe anesthetic ____________ there are no safe anesthetic __________ there are only safe _______________

- _________ Smith

• Agents

• Procedures

• Anesthetists

• Robert

_____________ interrupt and inhibit impulse conduction while ____________ facilitate reactions associated with impulses

• Depressants

• Stimulants

What is the function of respiratory analeptics?

• Stimulate respiration to reverse or lighten anesthesia

Drugs that interfere with neuromuscular transmission may be depolarizing ______________ or no depolarizing __________ and are called ______________

• Succinylcholine

• Atracurium

• Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs

What does SSRI mean?

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

What are the two advantages of inhalant anesthetics regarding injectable agents?

1. Depth of anesthesia can be quickly altered

2. Less metabolism is required for excretion

What do euthanasia solutions often contain?

• Pentobarbital

• Phenytoin (Dilantin)

What induction drug is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used in large animal especially horses to maintain anesthesia and lower amount of other drugs needed?

• Guaifenesin

___________ is the drug known as laughing gas used at a _______ ratio with oxygen to prevent _____________?

• Nitrous Oxide

• 2:1

• Diffusion Hypoxia

What makes the inhalant anesthetic drug Sevoflurane different from Isoflurane?

Provides less odour, less cardiovascular and respiratory depression as well as faster induction and recovery