Exam CGHE MUV 2022

Which cytoskeleton is associated with the adherent junction?

actin filament

Which of the following cytoskeletal elements is important for the nucleus?

intermediate filaments

3) Which of the following answers is TRUE? Amino-oxidase and catalase are characteristic enzymes for:

Peroxisomes

4) The protein clathrin is involved in all of the following EXCEPT:

Protein synthesis

What type of cell junction is the desmosome (binding-body):

Cell-cell

6) Which cytoskeleton is associated with the desmosome:

Intermediate filament

7) Which of the following originate(s) from the paraxial mesoderm?

Dermis

8) The mesoderm is generated by:

Epiblast

10) From which germ layer originates the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)?

Surface Ectoderm

10) From which germ layer originates the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)?

Early spermatids

12) From the 3rd month, the hemopoiesis is:

Extravasal

13) According to the shape of the secretory portion of the exocrine glands, they are classified as:

Acinar

14) In granulocytopoesis, which cell type is the next developmental stage after "myeloblast" stage?

Promyelocyte Promyelocyte

15) The cartilage tissue subtypes are:

Hyaline, elastic, fibrous

16) Which of the following does NOT belong to the formed elements of the blood?

Fibrinogen

17) Which component of the axon may contain Nissl's granulations?

The axonal hillock

18) Which of the following connective tissue cells modulates the allergic reactions?

Eosinophilic leucocyte

19) When does implantation after fertilization еnd?

13-14 days

20) On which developmental day is the closure of the posterior neuropore of the neural tube?

Day 27

21) Which of the following phases of the menstrual cycle is under progesterone control?

Secretory phase

22) A sperm sample is considered to have normal morphology when:

If 14% or more of the observed sperm is normal

23) Which of the answers regarding the stratified epithelium is TRUE?

None of the answers are true

24) What is the shape of the nucleus of a typical cardiomyocyte?

Oval

25) The average lifetime of erythrocytes in the circulatory system is:

120 days

26) The bony lamellae of compact bone are organized into lamellar systems. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Lamellae in the interterritorial matrix

27) Which of the following is typical for inhibitory synapses?

Both pre- and postsynaptic membranes are with similar thickness

28) From which embryonic layer originates the smooth muscle tissue?

Mesenchyme (type of loosely organized embryonic connective tissue of undifferentiated cells

29) Which of the following statements IS NOT true about the platelets:

They contain hemoglobin

30) Match the germ layers and their respective tissue derivatives:

Paraxial mesoderm => Dermis of skin

Endoderm =

> Tracheal epithelium

Intermediate mesoderm =

> Urogenital epithelium

Surface ectoderm =

> Epidermis

Lateral mesoderm =

> Pleura, pericardium and peritoneum

31) What type of cell junction is the adherent junction:

Cell-cell

(32) All of the following answers are true EXCEPT: Microtubules can be localized:

In microvilli

(33) All listed organelles are bound by biomembranes, EXCEPT:

Ribosomes

(34) Which of the following proteins is associated with plasmalemmal (plasma membrane) stability

Spectrin

(35) Which of the following answers is TRUE? A major function of the rough ER is

Protein synthesis for transmembrane proteins, plasmalemma and golgi complex membranes, lysosomes and secretory granules. Glycolysation to form glycoproteins

(36) All of the following answers are true EXCEPT: Microtubules can be localized:

Microvilli

(37) What type of cell junction is the focal adhesion:

Cell-matrix

(38) Match each of the listed tissues to the structure from the drop-down menu, which is characteristic for the corresponding tissue type:

Covering epithelium => Mesothelium

Cardiac muscle tissue => Myocardium

Nerve tissue => Synapse

Glandular Epithelium => Islet of Langerhans

Bone tissue => Osteon

(39) The mesenchyme is an embryonic:

Connective tissue

(40) Chondrocytes receive nutrients via

Diffusion through the matrix of the cartilage

(41) Which of the answers regarding the stratified epithelium is TRUE?

None of the answers are true

(42) Which statement about the perichondrium is NOT true?

Fibrocartilage is surrounded by well-defined perichondrium

(43) What are the main types of lymphocytes?

NK-Cells, T-Lymphocytes, B-Lymphocytes

(44) Ovarian stimulation as part of an IVF procedure is realized via:

Injection of gonadotropins

(45) Which of the statements regarding the types of spermatogonia is NOT true?

Type C - stem cell generating Sertoli cells

(46) Which of the zona pellucida proteins acts as a receptor for spermatozoa binding?

ZP3

(47) The notochord is under which structure?

The neural tube

(48) In the beginning of the 3rd week the paraxial mesoderm differentiates into segments known as:

somites

(49) Which of the listed proteins does NOT interact with actin filament:

Kinesis

(50) What type of cell junction is the hemidesmosome?

Cell-matrix

(51) Which of the following answers is TRUE? The brush border of the enterocytes is the light microscopical equivalent of:

Microvilli

(52) Which one of the following statements is NOT true regarding the elastic connective tissue?

It is in especially large quantities in cicatrices and celloids

(53) The Meissner's corpuscles respond to:

Light touch

(54) Which of the following connective tissue cells has antigen-presenting properties?

Macrophage

(55) What is the shape of the nucleus of a neutrophilic myelocyte?

Oval

(56) What is the shape of the nucleus of a typical cardiomyocyte?

Oval

(57) The process of metaplasia is:

Transformation from one subtype to another subtype of the same type of basic tissue

(58) Match each of the listed tissues and the characteristic location of this tissue:

1) Dense irregular connective tissue => Deep layer of the dermis

2) Elastic connective tissue => ligg. flava

3) Bone tissue => Skeleton

4) Reticular connective tissue => Spleen stroma

5) Mucous connective tissue => Umbilical cord

(59) The second meiotic division during oogenesis begins:

At the time of ovulation

(60) The number of somites at the end of the 5th week of development is:

42-44 pairs

(61) The second meiotic division of the female gametes is complete at:

Fertilization

(62) At the eighth day of development the hypoblast consists of:

Small cuboidal cells

(63) The amniotic cavity is formed by cells of the:

Epiblast

(64) Which one of the following is a correct statement concerning Haversian systems (osteons)?

Mature bone is composed of osteons

(65) According to the shape of the secretory portion of the exocrine glands, they are classified as:

Acinar

(66) Neurons with typical pyramid shape soma are the:

Giant cells of Betz

(67) Skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue originate from:

Mesoblast

(68) As a source of energy erythrocytes use:

Anaerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm

(69) Which type of cartilage tissue forms the template for the endochondral bone formation?

Hyaline

(70) Which cells can return to the blood from the tissues through diapedesis?

Lymphocytes

(71) Where else in the cell are localized the intermediate filaments, except in the cytosol?

Nucleus

(72) The basic units of chromatin are called:

Nucleosomes

(73) Approximately how long after fertilization occurs the first cleavage of the zygote?

30 hours

(74) From which component of the blastocyst can be isolated stem cells capable of organ regeneration in humans?

Embryoblast

(75) What is the name of the outer layer of the blastocyst?

Trophoblast

(76) Primary villi result from the proliferation of:

Cytotrophoblast

(77) Gastrulation begins with formation of:

Primitive streak

(78) Which pharyngeal arch contributes to most of middle ear ossicles?

Second

(79) Which layer is in contact with the cytotrophoblast after the formation of the extraembryonic cavity?

Extraembryonic somatopleuric mesoderm

(80) The amniotic and yolk sac cavities are temporarily connected by:

The neurenteric canal

(81) The primitive endothelial cells are formed by:

Cells lining the yolk sac

(82) Which cell junction allows the easiest passage of molecules from cell to cell:

Gap junction

(83) All of the following statements regarding hematoxylin& eosin (H&E) stain are true EXCEPT:

The basophilic structures are red in color

(84) Which of the following organelles is NOT membrane-bound:

Cytoskeleton

(85) The transport from/to the nucleus takes place via:

Nuclear pore complexes

(86) Down syndrome is an example of:

autosomal trisomy

(87) How long after ejaculation is the maximum fertile time for most sperm?

48 hours

(88) Which of the following statements IS TRUE?

Chorionic villi form the fetal part of the placenta

(89) Match the listed morphological characteristics to the corresponding differentiated cells from the drop-down menu:

High number of nuclei => Osteoclasts

Prominent RER => Plasma cells

Simple squamous => Endothelial cells

Derive from monocytes =>Macrophages

Contain myofilaments => Muscle cells

(90) Giannuzzi demilunes are typical for:

Mixed acini

(91) Which of the following structures is present in electrical synapses?

Connexons

(92) The main type of collagen in the fibrous cartilage is:

Type 1

(93) Match the terms from the left column to the corresponding definition from the drop list:

Axon terminal => secretes neurotransmitters

Neuroglia => specialized supporting cells in the CNS

Nissl bodies => rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons

(94) The straited (skeletal) muscle tissue has:

None of the answers in correct

(95) The sarcomere is the part of the myofibril between:

The two Z-discs

(96) Which term does not belong to the others?

Brain

(97) Which type of neuroglial cells provide myelin in the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes