Social Reform Movements in 19th and Early 20th Century America

Flashcards covering key aspects of social reform movements in 19th and early 20th century America, including Temperance, Education, Prison Reform, Abolition, Women's Suffrage, and the Labor Movement.

What was the primary goal of the Temperance Movement?

To reduce social problems like domestic violence and poverty by advocating moderation or abstinence from alcohol.

Who was a key leader in the Anti-Saloon League (ASL) known for 'pressure politics'?

Wayne Wheeler

What approach did Francis Willard of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) promote?

A 'do everything' approach, linking temperance to women’s rights, education, and social purity.

Which amendment enacted prohibition, banning the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol?

The 18th Amendment (1920)

What 1919 Act provided enforcement mechanisms for the 18th Amendment, but was difficult to enforce effectively?

Volstead Act

Which amendment repealed the 18th Amendment, ending national prohibition?

The 21st Amendment (1933)

What was a lasting impact of the Temperance Movement, despite the failure of prohibition?

Raised awareness about public health and morality issues related to alcohol and sparked organized social activism.

What was the main aim of the 19th-century education reform?

To make education accessible to all children

Who is known as 'The Father of the Common School Movement'?

Horace Mann

What changes occurred in schools during the education reform?

new subjects, increased college enrollment, and more accessible education.

What did prison reform seek to accomplish?

To improve conditions, reduce cruelty, and promote rehabilitation within prisons.

Who exposed inhumane conditions in mental health facilities and prisons, advocating for better treatment?

Dorothea Dix

What were the major achievements resulting from Dorothea Dix's efforts?

Establishment of more humane prison and mental health systems and the development of prison architecture prioritizing separation and rehabilitation.

What did the abolition movement aim to do?

To end slavery in the United States during the 19th century

Who published 'The Liberator,' a leading abolitionist newspaper?

William Lloyd Garrison

Which amendment abolished slavery nationwide in 1865?

The Thirteenth Amendment

What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?

It marked the birth of the women’s rights movement,

Which amendment granted women the right to vote?

The 19th Amendment (1919)

Who led the suffrage movement, fought for women’s property rights, and helped pave the way for the 19th Amendment?

Susan B. Anthony

What did the labor movement in the antebellum period aim to promote?

Self-reliance, improved working conditions, and the establishment of workers’ rights.

What was the significance of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire in 1911?

A tragic factory fire that killed 146 workers, exposing unsafe working conditions and galvanizing union efforts.