BIG_Q_2-21-2025 Flash Cards

What is the main idea behind standpoint theory?

Standpoint theory asserts that knowledge is shaped by social positions and experiences, particularly from marginalized perspectives.

What are some potential problems with starting knowledge projects from marginalized perspectives?

It can lead to bias, privilege one perspective over another, and fail to capture the diversity within marginalized groups.

What does Harding's idea of strong objectivity emphasize?

Strong objectivity emphasizes the need for self-reflexivity and acknowledgment of biases in order to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of knowledge.

How is essentialism defined in the context of standpoint theory?

Essentialism in this context means claiming that all members of a certain group share the same viewpoint.

What is the primary epistemological method that Descartes uses?

Descartes uses the method of doubt to question all knowledge and establish a foundational belief.

What is the dream hypothesis proposed by Descartes?

The dream hypothesis suggests that our sensory experiences could all be a dream, making it difficult to trust our sensory perceptions.

How does Hume define the origin of ideas?

Hume states that ideas originate from impressions, which are vivid and immediate sensory experiences.

What is the problem of induction according to Hume?

The problem of induction is the issue that inductive reasoning assumes the future will resemble the past without proof.

What is the allegory of the cave meant to illustrate?

The allegory of the cave illustrates the difference between the perceived reality and the true form of knowledge and truth through education and reason.

What does Descartes conclude in 'Meditation II'?

Descartes concludes that the act of doubting confirms the existence of the self: 'I think, therefore I am'.

What are complex ideas according to Hume?

Complex ideas are formed by combining simple ideas derived from past impressions.

What is the distinction between a posteriori knowledge and a priori knowledge?

A posteriori knowledge is dependent on empirical experience, while a priori knowledge is independent of experience.

What does Hume mean by 'indirect realism'?

Indirect realism is the belief that we do not perceive external objects directly, but rather through our own sensory experience.

What is the significance of the wax example in Descartes' philosophy?

The wax example demonstrates that our understanding of substances comes from reason rather than sensory experience alone.

What does the term 'strong objectivity' refer to in the context of knowledge?

Strong objectivity refers to the idea that in order to achieve true objectivity, one must acknowledge and analyze their biases.

What does Hume argue regarding cause and effect?

Hume argues that our belief in cause and effect is based on custom and habit rather than a rational foundation.

What is the relationship between coherence and constancy in Hume's theory of knowledge?

Coherence refers to the predictable ways in which objects change, while constancy refers to the consistency of objects over time, helping us ground our beliefs about external objects.