exam 3 school age terms

School-age child=

Child aged approximately 6-10 (or up to 12) years experiencing steady growth and increasing independence

Growth pattern (school-age)=

Slower and steady growth compared to infancy and adolescence

Motor development=

Refinement and perfection of fine and gross motor skills

Cognitive development (school-age)=

Significant increase in thinking abilities including reading, writing, and math

Self-care ability=

Increasing independence in daily activities such as hygiene and dressing

Peer group development=

Formation of friendships and importance of social groups

School influence=

Major environment shaping learning, behavior, and development

Developmental variability=

Wide differences seen between ages 6-12 due to growth and maturity differences

Vision development=

Reaches optimal function by age 6-7

Visual acuity=

Should be at least 20/30 using Snellen chart

Hyperopia (farsightedness)=

Ability to see distant objects more clearly than near objects

Myopia (nearsightedness)=

Ability to see near objects clearly but distant objects poorly

Astigmatism=

Uneven focusing of vision due to irregular eye shape

Vision screening=

Important to detect abnormalities and support learning

Vision problems prevalence=

Approximately 25% of school-age children have vision issues

Self-esteem=

Belief that one is capable, significant, successful, and worthy

Influences on self-esteem=

Family, peers, and school environment

Locus of control=

Belief about control over life events (internal vs external)

Internal locus of control=

Belief that one's actions influence outcomes

External locus of control=

Belief that outside forces determine outcomes

Body concept=

Understanding of internal body structures and functions

Body image concerns=

Anxiety related to physical differences (freckles, deformities, chronic illness)

Coping-stress tolerance pattern=

How the child responds to stressors such as family changes

Divorce impact=

Stressful event that may lead to behavioral problems or need for counseling

School nurse role=

Acts as an advocate for the child during stressful events

Somatization=

Expression of emotional stress as physical symptoms

Depression (school-age)=

Mental health condition with symptoms such as anorexia, lethargy, sleep changes, and withdrawal

Depression prevalence=

Occurs in approximately 2-3% of school-age children

Depression symptoms=

Anorexia, sleeplessness, lethargy, mood changes, aggression, crying, withdrawal

Depression treatment=

Individual or family counseling and possible medication

Emotional expression=

May be shown through behavior rather than verbalization

Behavioral problems=

May arise from stress, environmental changes, or emotional distress

Role of school environment=

Supports academic, social, and emotional development

Learning development=

Includes reading, writing, and mathematical skills

Social development=

Strong influence from peers and group belonging

Independence development=

Child becomes more responsible for self-care and decision-making

Health promotion (school-age)=

Focus on screening, early detection, and healthy habits

Nursing role=

Assess growth, development, emotional health, and provide education

Holistic assessment=

Includes physical, emotional, cognitive, and social factors

Elimination (school-age)=

Fully developed voluntary control of bowel and bladder function

Enuresis=

Involuntary urination (bedwetting) that may still occur in some school-age children

Primary enuresis=

Child has never achieved consistent nighttime dryness

Secondary enuresis=

Loss of bladder control after previously being dry

Constipation (school-age)=

Common issue due to diet, low fiber intake, or decreased activity

Constipation prevention=

Increase fiber, fluids, and physical activity

Encopresis=

Involuntary fecal soiling, often related to chronic constipation

Infection risk (school-age)=

Increased exposure due to school and peer interactions

Common transmission routes=

Direct contact, respiratory droplets, contaminated surfaces

Immune response (school-age)=

More developed than younger children, improving resistance to illness

Toxin exposure=

Can occur from household products, medications, or environmental chemicals

Poisoning risk=

Higher risk due to curiosity and exposure to chemicals at home or school

Prevention of exposure=

Safe storage of chemicals, supervision, and education

Hand hygiene=

Primary method to prevent spread of biological agents

Environmental safety=

Reducing exposure to harmful substances in home and school settings