CHEM: ALCOHOLS

methanol

toxic alcohol that is used as industrial solvent, pesticide and alternative fuel source

octane fuel rating

Clean energy is used for internal combustion engine fuel and offer increased thermal efficiency and increased power output as compared to gasoline.

methanol

is the simplest alcohol chemical building block for plastics, paints and construction materials.

methanol

it is found naturally in fruit juice and distilled spirits such as whiskey, wine and beer.

dehydrogenase

is responsible to breakdown alcohol to acetaldehyde and further broken down to acetic acids.

hydrolysis

is a chemical breakdown due to reaction with water.

henry cavendish

He discovered water (H2O) and oxyhydrogen effect (at STP oxyhydrogen can burn when 4%-15% H is present by volume.

catalyst

lithium aluminum hydride, a strong unselective reducing agent for polar double bonds. It will reduce aldehydes, ketones, esters and carboxylic acids.

grinard reagent

Is reagent formed by reaction of Mg with alkyl / alkenyl halides. Extremely good nucleophiles reacting with electrophiles ( aldehydes, ketones, esters and other carbonyl groups) and epoxides. RMgx- is a strong base solution.

hydration

Single product

Addition Reaction

hydrolysis

Two products

Substitution &

Decomposition

mercuric acetate

is a white crystalline sand-like powder used in making other chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

NaBH4

reduces many organic carbonyls. It is used in laboratory to convert ketones and aldehydes to alcohols.

diborane

used as reducing agent for making other chemicals. As catalyst, used in electronics and vulcanizing rubbers.

diborane

exposure to this can cause chest tightness, cough irritation

phenols

also called as carbolic acid, aromatic compound with OH.

phenols

They appear as white crystalline solids, used to manufacture phenolic resins, nylons and synthetic fibers.

phenols

toxic to humans via oral exposure

adrenaline and noradrenaline

are two separate but related hormones and neurotransmitters. They are produced in center (medulla) of the adrenal glands in CNS.

glycerol

a precursor for synthesis of triglycerols acid and phospholipids in liver and adipose tissue.

proof

is still used to indicate the percentage of ethanol present in a given alcoholic beverage.