rock cycle and geomorophological processes

Types of magma

Basaltic (high in iron and magnesium low in potassium and sodium)

Andesitic (intermediate iron, magnesium, sodium and potassium )

Rhyolitic (low in iron and magnesium, high in potassium and sodium)

Intrusive igneous rocks

Magma underneath the earths surface

Extrusive igneous

Lava above the surface of the earth

Mafic and ultra mafic rocks

Igneous rocks that are the highest in iron and magnesium’s concentration and may appear darker or black in colour

Felsic rocks

Rocks highest in iron and silica compounds

Sedimentary rocks

Deposited sediment that undergoes diagenesis leading to compaction, cementation, recrystallisation and/or other modification to the original sediment.

Metamorphic rocks

Where rock originally formed in an igneous or sedimentary environment recrystallises in reponse to new conditions. They can never be molten as they would return back into an igneous rock. EG limestone undergoes metamorphic processes to become marble.