Medical Terminology: Endocrine System

hormon/o

hormones

pituitar/o, hypophys/o,

pituitary gland

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland

pancreat/o

pancreas

adren/o

adrenal glands

aden/o

gland

ket/o

ketone body

thym/o

thymus gland

gluco/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

sugar

crin/o

gland

cortic/o

outer surface, cortex

gonad/o

gonads (ovaries and testes)

-tropin

stimulating hormone

-emia

blood

-uria

urine

Adrenalalgia

pain in a gland

Adrenal virilism

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

Hirsutism

excessive body and facial hair in females

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar levels

Polydipsia

excessive thirst

Polyphagia

excessive hunger

Polyuria

excessive urination

Pituitary dwarfism

abnormally short stature related to growth hormone

pituitary gigantism

abnormally tall stature related to growth hormone

Acromegaly

abnormal growth of face and extremities

Goiter, thyrocele

swelling of the thyroid gland

Exophthalmos

protrusion of the eyes from the socket

Amenorrhea

lack of menstruation

Gynecomastia

development of breast tissue in males

Adrenarche

beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

Pancreatalgia

pain in the pancreas

Galactorrhea

discharge of milk

Thyromegaly

enlargement of the thyroid

Thyroptosis

downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid

Hypergonadism

excessive secretion of the sex glands

Hypogonadism

undersecretion of the sex glands

Menarche

beginning or first menstruation

Thelarche

beginning of breast development

Euglycemia

good (normal) blood sugar

Hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

Hypercalcemia

high blood calcium levels

Hyperkalemia

high blood potassium levels

Hypernatremia

high blood sodium levels

Acidemia

abnormal acidity of blood

Alkalemia

abnormal alkalinity of blood

Hypercholesterolemia

elevated cholesterol in the blood

Hyperlipidemia

elevated fat in the blood

Calciuria

calcium in the urine

Hypercalciuria

abnormally high level of calcium in the urine

Glucosuria

sugar in the urine

Ketonuria

ketones in the uria

Adenomegaly

abnormal enlargement of the of a gland

Endocrine

secrete internally

Exocrine

secrete externally

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

procedure to examine the bile ducts and pancreas using a scope

Chloremia

increasing chloride in the blood

Hyperphosphatemia

excessive phosphate in the blood

Uremia

presence of urinary waste in the blood

Euthyroid

normal functioning thyroid

Gluconeogenesis

formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

Glycolysis

breakdown of sugar

Glycopenia

deficiency of sugar

Gonadogenesis

creation/development of gonads

Endocrinologist

specialist in internal secretions

Ketogenesis

creation of ketone bodies

Glycemic Index

ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

Adenopathy

disease of a gland

Polyadenopathy

disease of many glands

Adenoma

tumor of a gland

Dysmetabolic syndrome

faulty metabolism disorder

Thymoma

tumor of the thymus gland

Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)

insufficient adrenal gland hormone production

Pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

diabetes mellitus

metallic disease causing homeostatic imbalance of blood glucose levels

Diabetes ketoacidosis

lowering of blood pH from the presence of ketone bodies

Pituitary infarction

death of the pituitary gland

Hyperthyroidism

oversecretion by the thyroid

Hypothyroidism

under secretion by the thyroid

Adenitis

inflammation of a gland

Adenocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of a gland

Adenosis

gland condition

Ketosis

condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood

Adrenalitis

inflammation of the adrenal gland

Adrenal adenoma

tumor of the adrenal gland

Adrenocortical carcinoma

cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland

Adrenocortical insufficiency

condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones

Adrenocorticohyperplasia

overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland

Pancreatolith

stone is the pancreas

Pancreatolithiasis

presence of a stone in the pancreas

Insulinoma

tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

Pancreatic pseudocyst

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

Hyperpituitarism

overfunctioning of the pituitary gland

Hypophysitis

inflammation of the pituitary gland

Hypopituitarism

condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland

Panhypopituitarism

defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland

Pituitary adenoma

tumor on the pituitary gland

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others

Thyrotoxicosis

condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (an extreme version of this is known as "thyroid storm")

Adenectomy

removal of a gland