Kidney Function and Urine Formation

Flashcards on kidney function and urine formation.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney.

Glomerular Filtration

First stage of urine formation involving filtration under high pressure in Bowman's capsule.

Tubular Reabsorption

Second stage of urine formation, where most substances are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.

Tubular Secretion

Third stage of urine formation, where additional substances are secreted into the nephron for excretion.

Glomerulus

Capillary network where glomerular filtration occurs.

Bowman's Capsule

Structure surrounding the glomerulus that collects the filtrate.

Filtrate

Fluid formed after filtration containing water and dissolved substances.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Portion of the nephron where tubular reabsorption primarily occurs, involving both active and passive transport.

Loop of Henle

Part of the nephron involved in salt and water movement, creating a concentration gradient in the medulla.

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Portion of the nephron where tubular secretion occurs to excrete additional substances.

Sodium ion reabsorption

Aided by symporters and antiporters, this is coupled with hydrogen ion secretion to maintain pH.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Hormone that regulates water reabsorption in the DCT, increasing water retention in dehydration.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

System that regulates blood volume and pressure by affecting glomerular filtration rate and sodium/water reabsorption.

Diuretics

Substances that slow renal reabsorption of water, leading to increased urine flow.

Glucosuria

Condition where glucose is present in the urine, often due to diabetes or genetic disorders.