Bio 311: Heart and Blood Vessels

What are the components of blood?

Plasma, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and platelets

What is the correct order of the blood flow in the heart?

Deoxygenated blood comes through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium. From the right atrium, blood goes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contract is travels through the Pulmonary valve and Pulmonary artery to the lungs. When the blood returns from the lungs via the Pulmonary veins, it goes through the Bicuspid/mitral valve to enter the left ventricle. When the left ventricle contracts, the blood goes through the aorta valve to go to the aorta. Lastly from the aorta, the blood goes to the rest of the body.

What does Plasma contains?

92% of water, protein, wastes, nutrients, etc

What are Erythrocytes?

Red blood cells

What does Erythrocytes do?

Transport Oxygen and Carbon dioxide 

What are leukocytes?

White blood cells

What does leukocytes do?

Protect blood from bacteria, viruses and parasites

Where does red blood cells come from?

Red bone marrow

What are the branches that comes off of the aorta arch?

Left subclavin artery, left common carotid artery and brachiocephalic artery

Veins are blood vessels that flow

to the heart

Arteries are blood vessels that flow

from the heart

What is the purpose of the valves in the heart?

to keep the blood flowing in the correct direction

Pulmonary circulation

carries deoxygenated blood from right side of heart to lungs

Where does the blood vessels return in Pulmonary circulation?

left side of heart

What happens at the lungs during Pulmonary circulation?

Blood picks up the oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

Systemic circulation

moves oxygenated blood from left side of heart to systemic cells

Where does the blood vessels return during Systemic circulation?

right side of heart

What happens at the systemic cells during Systemic circulation?

blood exchanges gases, nutrients and wastes

What is the starting point of the blood flow from the heart?

Right atrium 

What are Coronary Arteries?

Self-supply arteries to the heart

What are the right coronary artery branches?

Right marginal artery and Posterior interventricular artery

What are the left coronary artery branches?

Circumflex artery and Anterior interventricular artery 

What are Coronary Vein?

Cardiac veins that drain the heart muscle

What are the Coronary veins?

Great cardiac vein, Middle cardiac vein, Small cardiac and Coronary sinus

Where is the Great Cardiac vein located?

Anterior surface of the heart

Where is the Middle Cardiac vein located?

Posterior surface of the heart

Where is the small cardiac vein located?

Next to the marginal artery

What are the structures remaining in adult circulation that are fetal remnants?

Foramen ovale and Ductus arteriosus

What happens to the Foramen ovale and Ductus arteriosus after birth?

It closes so the baby no longer is dependent on the mother for breathing; the baby lungs start to function and is able to breath on its own

What are the innervations of the heart, lungs and abdominal viscera?

Parasympathetic nerve, Sympathetic nerve, and Vagus nerve

What does the Sympathetic nerve involves?

increasing of the heart rate; active

What does the Parasympathetic nerve involves?

Resting and digestion

What does the Vagus nerve involves?

Decreasing the pressure of the heart pumps

What is Bradycardia?

Persistently low resting heart rate in adults

What is Tachycardia?

Persistently high resting heart rate

What is Deep Vein Thrombosis?

Blood clot in the vein; most common in calf

What is an aneurysm?

Arterial wall thins and balloons out making the wall more prone to rupture. 

What is blood pressure?

Force of blood against vessel wall

When does systolic pressure occurs?

When ventricles contract

When does diastolic pressure occurs?

When ventricles are relaxed